Nokea
Which type of genetic tests in clinical practice are most often offered to clients with a family history of disease?
- A. Single-gene disorders
- B. Carrier screening
- C. Predictive value testing
- D. Predispositional testing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most tests now offered are tests for single-gene disorders in clients with clinical symptoms or clients who have a family history of a genetic disease. Carrier screening is used to identify individuals who have a gene mutation for a genetic condition but do not display symptoms. Predictive value testing is used only to clarify the genetic status of asymptomatic family members. Predispositional testing differs from the other types of genetic screening in that a positive result does not indicate a 100% chance of developing the condition.
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What is a risk factor for breast cancer?
- A. menarche at age 15
- B. family history of diabetes
- C. alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day
- D. history of three vaginal births by age 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day. Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for breast cancer as it can increase estrogen levels in the body, which may contribute to the development of breast cancer. Menarche at age 15 (Choice A) is not a risk factor, as early menarche is associated with a slightly increased risk but not a significant one. Family history of diabetes (Choice B) is unrelated to breast cancer risk. History of three vaginal births by age 25 (Choice D) is actually a protective factor against breast cancer due to the changes in hormonal levels during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Which description of postpartum restoration or healing times is accurate?
- A. The cervix shortens, becomes firm, and returns to form within a month postpartum.
- B. Vaginal rugae reappear by 3 weeks postpartum.
- C. Most episiotomies heal within a week.
- D. Hemorrhoids usually decrease in size within 2 weeks of childbirth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vaginal rugae reappear by 3 weeks postpartum, though they are never as prominent as in nulliparous women.
The nurse states to the newly pregnant patient, “Tell me how you feel about being pregnant.” Which communication technique is the nurse using with this patient?
- A. Clarifying
- B. Paraphrasing
- C. Reflection
- D. Structuring
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reflection. The nurse is using a reflection communication technique by restating the patient's feelings to show understanding and empathy. This helps the patient feel heard and validated. Clarifying (A) involves seeking more information, paraphrasing (B) involves restating the patient's words, and structuring (D) involves providing organization or direction. In this scenario, the nurse is not seeking more details (Clarifying), restating the patient's words exactly (Paraphrasing), or providing organization/direction (Structuring), but rather reflecting the patient's emotions back to them.
The nurse is providing care to a 75-year-old female patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following would be the priority nursing diagnosis?
- A. At risk for falls related to impaired balance
- B. Knowledge deficit related to new medication regimen
- C. Impaired physical mobility related to pain and skeletal changes
- D. Ineffective health maintenance related to continued immobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: At risk for falls related to impaired balance. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because falls can lead to serious injury in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Impaired balance is a significant risk factor for falls in this population. Choice B is not the priority as safety takes precedence over knowledge deficit. Choice C may be secondary to the risk of falls. Choice D is not the priority as preventing falls and ensuring patient safety are more critical in this case.
When caring for clients with neoplasms of the reproductive system, the nurse must begin by assessing the woman's knowledge of the disorder, its management, and prognosis. This assessment should be followed by a nursing diagnosis. Which diagnosis fails to address the psychologic effect of these disorders?
- A. Anxiety, related to surgical procedures
- B. Disturbed body image, as a result of changes in anatomy
- C. Risk for injury, related to lack of skill for self-care
- D. Interrupted family processes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Although risk for injury, related to lack of skill for self-care, is appropriate, this diagnosis is more suited to the client's learning needs than the psychologic effect.