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Which type of length of stay includes emergency department visits?
- A. Long-term care
- B. Acute care
- C. Short stay
- D. In-and-out care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An example of in-and-out care is an emergency department visit. Long-term care provides care to residents for the remainder of their lives. Acute care occurs in hospitals where clients stay more than 24 hours but less than 30 days. Short stay provides care to clients who suffer from acute conditions or need treatments that entail less than 24 hours of care and monitoring.
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An LPN says to an RN, 'I don't understand why I get paid less, yet we do the same thing here at work.' What role does the RN have in the healthcare setting that the LPN does not?
- A. The RN only cares for clients with well-defined, common problems.
- B. The RN's role is more complex and involves management and coordination of client care.
- C. The RN is responsible for everything that the LPN does in the healthcare setting.
- D. The RN is the only provider that cares for clients that require competency and expertise.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The RN's role is more complex, involving the management and coordination of all the care provided to a group of clients. LPN/LVNs care for clients with well-defined, common problems that often require a high level of technical competency and expertise. LPNs are responsible for their own actions and must work within their scope of practice.
Which nursing theorist stated that clients are open systems in constant interaction with their environment?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Imogene King
- D. Dorothea Orem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Imogene King stated that clients are open systems in constant interaction with their environment. Florence Nightingale described the role of the nurse as putting 'the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him.' Virginia Henderson envisioned the nurse's role as helping people (sick or well) to carry out activities contributing to health, recovery, or a peaceful death that they would do for themselves if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. Dorothea Orem was a proponent of the self-care deficit theory.
Which of the following describes the role of the nurse as defined by Florence Nightingale?
- A. Helping people to carry out activities that contribute to health and recovery
- B. Putting clients in the best condition for nature to act upon them
- C. Diagnosing and treating human responses to actual or potential health problems
- D. Promoting a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale (1859) described the role of the nurse as putting 'the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him.' Virginia Henderson envisioned the nurse's role as helping people (sick or well) to carry out activities that contribute to health, recovery, or a peaceful death. The American Nurses Association (ANA) traditionally defined nursing as 'the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.' In response to an increased emphasis on the science of care, the ANA now acknowledges 'promotion of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing' as one of the four essential features of contemporary nursing practice.
Freestanding apartments are an example of which type of alternative healthcare setting?
- A. Skilled nursing care
- B. Assisted living
- C. Congregate housing
- D. Boarding homes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Congregate housing provides independent living or minimal assistance for seniors or disabled adults. Skilled nursing care facilities provide skilled nursing and rehabilitative care to people who have the potential to regain function but need skilled observation and nursing care during an acute illness. Assisted living facilities provide care to residents who need assistance with up to three activities of daily living. Boarding homes are usually small homes with individual rooms where residents pay for room and board and minimal nursing services.
A hospital unit has been using a functional nursing model for delivery of care for several years. The manager has been discussing with the staff the idea of a change to total care because functional nursing has some disadvantages to the clients. What disadvantage is the manager referring to?
- A. It is expensive because it only uses RNs.
- B. Some nurses work harder than others to provide care.
- C. It fragments care and is confusing for the clients.
- D. Nurses are accountable for the client's care 24 hours per day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Although efficient, functional nursing fragments care and is confusing for clients. Primary nursing is expensive because it uses RNs only. Nurses are designated certain tasks if functional nursing is employed, so the care is divided. Nurses are accountable for client care in a primary nursing model.