Physical Exam Cardiovascular System

Physical Exam Cardiovascular System Related

Review Physical Exam Cardiovascular System related questions and content

Which type of medication helps to reduce the workload on the heart by slowing down the heart rate?

  • A. Beta-blocker
  • B. Calcium channel blocker
  • C. Diuretic
  • D. ACE inhibitor
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Beta-blocker. Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which helps to reduce the heart rate. This reduction in heart rate helps to decrease the workload on the heart muscle, making it an effective treatment for conditions such as high blood pressure and heart failure.

Incorrect choices:
B: Calcium channel blocker - Calcium channel blockers work by dilating blood vessels and reducing the heart's workload by relaxing the muscles in the blood vessels, not by slowing down the heart rate.
C: Diuretic - Diuretics help the body get rid of excess salt and water, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure, but they do not directly affect heart rate.
D: ACE inhibitor - ACE inhibitors work by relaxing blood vessels to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow, but they do not specifically target heart rate reduction.

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During a clinic appointment, a patient states, 'I came in because my calcium score was positive on my CT scan last week.' In which section of the patient assessment does the cardiac-vascular nurse document this finding?

  • A. Past medical history.
  • B. Personal/social history.
  • C. Presenting problem.
  • D. Review of symptoms.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presenting problem section documents the reason for the current visit.

What test evaluates the heart's response to physical stress, often involving exercise on a treadmill while monitoring the heart?

  • A. Stress test
  • B. Echocardiogram
  • C. Holter monitor
  • D. CT angiography
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stress test. This test evaluates the heart's response to physical stress by monitoring the heart's activity during exercise on a treadmill. It helps diagnose heart conditions such as coronary artery disease. Echocardiogram (B) is an ultrasound test that examines the heart's structure and function. Holter monitor (C) records the heart's activity over a period to detect irregularities. CT angiography (D) is a type of imaging test to visualize blood vessels. However, none of these options specifically assess the heart's response to physical stress like a stress test does.

ECG changes in myocardial infarction.

  • A. ST elevation
  • B. Q waves
  • C. Both A and B
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ECG shows characteristic ST elevation and Q waves during MI.

What procedure involves inserting a flexible tube with a light and camera into the airways to examine the lungs and collect samples?

  • A. Bronchoscopy
  • B. Thoracentesis
  • C. Lung biopsy
  • D. Chest X-ray
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy involves inserting a tube with a light and camera into the airways to examine the lungs and collect samples. It allows visualization of the airways, biopsy of lung tissue, and collection of samples for further analysis. Thoracentesis involves removing fluid from the pleural space, lung biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from the lung, and a chest X-ray is a radiographic imaging technique that shows the structures in the chest but does not involve direct visualization or sampling of the airways.

What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the heart's outer lining, often causing chest pain and other symptoms?

  • A. Pericarditis
  • B. Endocarditis
  • C. Myocarditis
  • D. Valvular heart disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pericarditis. Pericarditis is the inflammation of the heart's outer lining, causing chest pain. The pericardium surrounds and protects the heart. Other choices are incorrect:
B: Endocarditis is the inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.
C: Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle itself.
D: Valvular heart disease is a condition affecting the heart valves, not the outer lining.

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