Nokea
Which type of medication is used to reduce the workload on the heart by slowing down the heart rate and lowering blood pressure?
- A. Beta-blocker
- B. ACE inhibitor
- C. Calcium channel blocker
- D. Diuretic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Beta-blocker. Beta-blockers reduce the workload on the heart by blocking the action of adrenaline on beta receptors, slowing down heart rate and lowering blood pressure. This helps to decrease the heart's oxygen demand and improve its efficiency. ACE inhibitors (B) work by dilating blood vessels, Calcium channel blockers (C) block calcium entry into cells to relax blood vessels, and Diuretics (D) reduce blood volume by increasing urine output, but they do not specifically target reducing the workload on the heart.
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The client is being taught about the use of warfarin. What is the most important dietary instruction?
- A. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
- B. Increase the intake of vitamin K-rich foods.
- C. Avoid foods high in protein.
- D. Increase the intake of foods high in calcium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in vitamin K. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Consuming foods high in vitamin K can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin. By avoiding these foods, the client can maintain consistent levels of the medication in their system.
Choice B is incorrect as increasing vitamin K-rich foods can counteract the effects of warfarin. Choice C is incorrect as there is no need to avoid foods high in protein when taking warfarin. Choice D is incorrect as increasing calcium intake does not have a direct impact on warfarin therapy.
Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle from the aorta?
- A. Aortic valve
- B. Mitral valve
- C. Tricuspid valve
- D. Pulmonary valve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic valve. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, preventing the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole. This is essential for maintaining proper blood flow direction and preventing regurgitation. The other choices, B: Mitral valve, C: Tricuspid valve, and D: Pulmonary valve, are all located in different areas of the heart and serve different functions. The mitral valve is between the left atrium and ventricle, the tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and ventricle, and the pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. None of these valves are responsible for preventing backflow into the left ventricle from the aorta.
If Mr. G experiences ventricular fibrillation, which drug would the nurse prepare to administer?
- A. Morphine
- B. Digitalis
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine is used to treat ventricular fibrillation.
What procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm?
- A. Catheter ablation
- B. Angioplasty
- C. Stent placement
- D. Valve replacement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Catheter ablation. This procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm. First, the catheter is guided to the heart through blood vessels. Then, using various techniques such as radiofrequency energy or freezing, the abnormal tissue causing the irregular heartbeat is destroyed to restore the heart's normal rhythm.
Choice B, Angioplasty, involves opening blocked or narrowed blood vessels to improve blood flow, not addressing abnormal heart rhythms. Choice C, Stent placement, involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, not related to treating abnormal electrical signals in the heart. Choice D, Valve replacement, is a procedure to replace damaged heart valves, not specifically targeting abnormal electrical signals in the heart.
The healthcare provider is monitoring a client on an ACE inhibitor. What lab value is most important to monitor?
- A. Potassium
- B. Sodium
- C. Creatinine
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium. ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia, so monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent potential life-threatening complications. High potassium levels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Sodium levels are not typically affected by ACE inhibitors. Creatinine is important to monitor for kidney function but not specific to ACE inhibitors. Calcium levels are not directly affected by ACE inhibitors.