Nokea
Which type of muscle tissue has a unique branching network and is found in the heart?
- A. Skeletal muscle
- B. Cardiac muscle
- C. Smooth muscle
- D. Multifidus muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue that has a unique branching network and is found in the heart. This type of muscle is involuntary and contracts rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body. Skeletal muscle, choice A, is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. Smooth muscle, choice C, is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, playing a role in involuntary movements. Multifidus muscle, choice D, is a specific muscle in the back that helps with spinal stability, unrelated to the unique branching network found in cardiac muscle.
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The term 'symbiotic relationship' describes an interaction between two organisms where:
- A. One organism benefits and the other is unaffected
- B. Both organisms are harmed by the interaction
- C. One organism benefits and the other is negatively impacted
- D. Both organisms benefit from the interaction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a symbiotic relationship, both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. This mutually beneficial relationship can take different forms, such as mutualism where both organisms benefit, commensalism where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, or parasitism where one organism benefits at the expense of the other. In this case, the term 'symbiotic relationship' specifically refers to a scenario where both organisms derive some form of benefit from their interaction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe a symbiotic relationship. In symbiosis, both organisms benefit, making option D the correct choice.
What is the pH value of a neutral solution?
- B. 7
- C. 14
- D. -7
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, indicating that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution. A pH ranging from 0 to 6.9 signifies acidity, while a pH from 7.1 to 14 signifies alkalinity. Therefore, a neutral solution has a pH value of 7. Choice A (0) represents a highly acidic solution, Choices C (14) and D (-7) are outside the valid pH range and do not correspond to a neutral solution.
What is the energy required to break a chemical bond called?
- A. Kinetic energy
- B. Potential energy
- C. Activation energy
- D. Bond energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Activation energy is the energy required to break a chemical bond and initiate a chemical reaction. It is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction by breaking bonds in the reactant molecules. Kinetic energy (option A) is the energy of motion and is not directly related to breaking chemical bonds. Potential energy (option B) is stored energy that can be converted into other forms of energy but is not specifically about breaking chemical bonds. Bond energy (option D) refers to the energy required to break a particular chemical bond in a molecule and is not the general term for the energy needed to break any chemical bond. Activation energy is crucial in determining the rate of a chemical reaction as it affects the probability of reactant molecules colliding with sufficient energy to surpass the energy barrier and form products.
What is the process of making copies of DNA called?
- A. Transcription
- B. Translation
- C. Replication
- D. DNA repair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A) Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. It involves the creation of mRNA molecules from a DNA template.
B) Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA. During translation, the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.
C) Replication is the process of making copies of DNA. This process occurs before cell division and ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.
D) DNA repair is a cellular mechanism that corrects errors in DNA that arise due to various factors such as exposure to mutagens or mistakes during DNA replication. It is essential for maintaining the integrity of the genetic material.
What element has the atomic number 17?
- A. Chlorine (Cl)
- B. Nitrogen (N)
- C. Sodium (Na)
- D. Fluorine (F)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Chlorine (Cl). The atomic number of an element corresponds to the number of protons in its nucleus. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, indicating it has 17 protons. Therefore, the element with atomic number 17 is Chlorine (Cl). Choice B, Nitrogen (N), has an atomic number of 7, Choice C, Sodium (Na), has an atomic number of 11, and Choice D, Fluorine (F), has an atomic number of 9. These elements do not match the atomic number 17, making them incorrect choices.