Nokea
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
- A. Smooth muscle
- B. Cardiac muscle
- C. Skeletal muscle
- D. Striated muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac muscle tissue, represented by choice B, is the correct answer. Cardiac muscle tissue is unique to the heart and responsible for its involuntary contractions that pump blood throughout the body. Smooth muscle (choice A) is found in the walls of hollow organs, skeletal muscle (choice C) is attached to bones for movement, and striated muscle (choice D) is a general term that can refer to both cardiac and skeletal muscle but is not specific to the heart.
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Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism?
- A. Pituitary gland
- B. Adrenal gland
- C. Thyroid gland
- D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism. It produces hormones such as thyroxine, which plays a key role in influencing the body's metabolic rate. The pituitary gland is known as the 'master gland' but is not directly responsible for regulating metabolism. The adrenal gland is involved in the stress response and producing hormones like cortisol, not primarily regulating metabolism. The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, not metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.
Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex?
- A. Insulin
- B. Cortisol
- C. Thyroxine
- D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cortisol. Cortisol is the hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and managing stress. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, thyroxine by the thyroid gland, and glucagon by the pancreas. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
Which of the following describes the process of osmosis?
- A. Diffusion of solutes across a membrane
- B. Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
- C. Movement of gases across a membrane
- D. Active transport of ions across a membrane
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the process where water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement of water helps to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane. The correct description of osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, making choice B the right answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules, not solutes, gases, or ions across a membrane.
Which vitamin is necessary for the formation of collagen?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a crucial protein that plays a significant role in maintaining the structural integrity of skin, blood vessels, and bones. Collagen is responsible for the strength, elasticity, and firmness of these tissues. Without sufficient vitamin C, the body cannot form collagen properly, leading to various health issues like scurvy, impaired wound healing, and fragile blood vessels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A plays a role in vision, immune function, and skin health. Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and immune function, while Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage.
What type of joint is found in the shoulder?
- A. Ball and socket joint
- B. Hinge joint
- C. Saddle joint
- D. Pivot joint
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is a ball and socket joint. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion, including rotation. This joint provides excellent flexibility and mobility, making movements like circular motions and rotations possible. A hinge joint, like the elbow, allows movement in only one plane (flexion and extension). A saddle joint, found in the thumb, allows for a wide range of motion but not as much as a ball and socket joint. A pivot joint, such as the joint between the first and second vertebrae of the neck, allows rotation only.