Nokea
Which type of tissue connects muscles to bones?
- A. Ligaments
- B. Tendons
- C. Cartilage
- D. Muscles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tendons. Tendons connect muscles to bones, not bones to muscles. They play a crucial role in transmitting the force generated by muscles to move bones, enabling movement. Ligaments (choice A) connect bones to bones, providing stability to joints. Cartilage (choice C) is a connective tissue found in joints, providing cushioning and flexibility. Muscles (choice D) are responsible for generating force through contraction but do not directly connect muscles to bones.
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What are the components of the female external genitalia and their functions?
- A. Ovaries: internal reproductive organs
- B. Vulva: external structures of the female genitalia
- C. Uterus: internal reproductive organ for fetal development
- D. Vagina: birth canal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The corrected answer is B: 'Vulva: external structures of the female genitalia.' The vulva includes external structures such as the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. These structures play roles in sexual arousal and protection of the internal genital organs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are internal reproductive organs. The ovaries produce eggs, the uterus houses the developing fetus, and the vagina serves as the birth canal. Hence, they are not components of the female external genitalia.
What type of cells compose the epidermis?
- A. Osteoclasts
- B. Connective
- C. Dendritic
- D. Epithelial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Epithelial. The epidermis is composed of epithelial cells, specifically called keratinocytes, which are responsible for producing keratin, a protein that provides the skin with strength and flexibility. Epithelial cells form the protective outer layer of the skin and play a crucial role in skin repair and regeneration.
Choice A - Osteoclasts are cells involved in bone remodeling, not found in the epidermis.
Choice B - Connective tissue cells are not the primary cells found in the epidermis. They are more commonly found in the dermis, providing structural support and elasticity to the skin.
Choice C - Dendritic cells are part of the immune system and are present in the skin to help recognize pathogens and activate the immune response. However, they are not the main cell type that composes the epidermis.
What is the role of enzymes in the body?
- A. To transport oxygen
- B. To speed up chemical reactions
- C. To regulate body temperature
- D. To store energy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, thus facilitating processes like digestion, metabolism, and other essential functions. Choice A is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily carried out by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature involves mechanisms such as sweating and shivering. Choice D is incorrect as energy storage is mainly performed by molecules like glycogen and triglycerides.
The function of synergists can best be described as which of the following? I. They assist primary movers in completing the specific movement II. They stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion III. They help prevent unwanted movement at a joint
- A. I, II
- B. I, III
- C. II, III
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Synergists are muscles that assist the primary movers (agonists) in completing specific movements (I). Additionally, they stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion, aiding in movement efficiency (II). While synergists may contribute to stability, their primary role is to assist in movement rather than prevent unwanted movement at a joint; hence, options I and II offer the most accurate descriptions of their function. Choice B is incorrect because synergists do not primarily help prevent unwanted movement at a joint (III). Choice C is incorrect as it combines stabilization of the point of origin and preventing unwanted movement, which is not the primary function of synergists.
Which organ's primary role is the production of bile and other metabolic functions such as blood sugar regulation and detoxification?
- A. Gallbladder
- B. Pancreas
- C. Liver
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. The liver is responsible for producing bile, regulating blood sugar levels, and detoxifying the blood. Bile produced by the liver is stored in the gallbladder. The pancreas primarily functions in digestion by producing enzymes and insulin, while the stomach is mainly involved in breaking down food through the secretion of gastric juices.