Nokea
Which types of molecules can move through a cell membrane by passive transport?
- A. Complex sugars
- B. Non-lipid soluble molecules
- C. Oxygen
- D. Molecules moving from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxygen. Small, non-polar molecules like oxygen can easily pass through the cell membrane by passive transport as they move down their concentration gradient without the need for energy input. Complex sugars (choice A) are typically too large to pass through the membrane by passive transport. Non-lipid soluble molecules (choice B) may require active transport mechanisms. Choice D describes active transport, where molecules move against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input.
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What is the responsibility of the somatic nervous system?
- A. Breathing
- B. Thought
- C. Movement
- D. Fear
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. This system communicates sensory information and controls voluntary movements, such as walking or reaching for objects. Breathing is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which functions involuntarily. Thought processes involve complex interactions between various regions of the brain and are not directly controlled by the somatic nervous system. Fear is an emotional response that involves the limbic system of the brain and the autonomic nervous system, not the somatic nervous system.
Which of the following best describes the statement 'This flower is dead; someone must have forgotten to water it'?
- A. A classification
- B. An observation
- C. An inference
- D. A collection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: An inference.' An inference is a conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning. In this statement, the conclusion that someone must have forgotten to water the flower is drawn from the evidence that the flower is dead. Choice A, 'A classification,' is incorrect because the statement does not involve categorizing or grouping. Choice B, 'An observation,' is incorrect as the statement goes beyond just stating a fact and makes a conclusion. Choice D, 'A collection,' is unrelated to the process of drawing a conclusion based on the given evidence.
Which of the following best defines the term amphoteric?
- A. A substance that conducts electricity due to ionization when dissolved in a solvent
- B. A substance that can act as an acid or a base depending on the properties of the solute
- C. A substance that, according to the Br¸nsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory, is a proton-donor
- D. A substance that donates its proton and forms its conjugate base in a neutralization reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid or a base depending on the environment. It can donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base), showing versatility in its behavior. Choice A is incorrect as it describes an electrolyte rather than an amphoteric substance. Choice C is incorrect as it defines an acid based on the Br¸nsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically refers to a substance donating a proton in a neutralization reaction, not capturing the dual behavior of an amphoteric substance.
Which of the following correctly lists the four properties that all types of muscle tissue share?
- A. Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible
- B. Contractile, voluntary, elastic, extensible
- C. Contractile, excitable, voluntary, extensible
- D. Contractile, excitable, elastic, voluntary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible.' All types of muscle tissue share these four properties. Muscle tissue can contract, respond to stimuli, stretch and return to its original shape (elastic), and extend or stretch (extensible). Choice B is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary (some are involuntary). Choice C is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary. Choice D is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary and lack the elastic property.
What is the process of cell division in somatic (most body) cells called?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Respiration
- D. Cytogenesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitosis is the correct answer. It is the process of cell division in somatic cells, leading to the formation of two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that occurs in sex cells, leading to the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Respiration is a completely different biological process related to energy production, and cytogenesis is not a recognized term for cell division.