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Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with a history of severe egg allergy?
- A. MMR
- B. Varicella
- C. Influenza
- D. Hepatitis B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Influenza. The influenza vaccine is produced using egg-based technology, so individuals with a severe egg allergy are at risk of an allergic reaction if vaccinated with the influenza vaccine. This is due to the potential presence of egg proteins in the vaccine. Choices A, B, and D are not contraindicated in children with severe egg allergy. The MMR and Varicella vaccines do not pose a risk for children with egg allergies, and the Hepatitis B vaccine is also safe for these individuals.
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Which condition is most commonly associated with a 'sunset sign' in infants?
- A. Hydrocephalus
- B. Meningitis
- C. Cerebral palsy
- D. Encephalitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 'sunset sign,' characterized by downward-driven eyes, is most commonly associated with hydrocephalus. This condition causes increased intracranial pressure, leading to the eyes appearing to be forced downward. Meningitis (choice B) typically presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, and a stiff neck, but not the 'sunset sign.' Cerebral palsy (choice C) is a group of disorders affecting movement and muscle coordination, not directly related to the 'sunset sign.' Encephalitis (choice D) is inflammation of the brain, which can cause symptoms like fever, headache, and confusion, but not the specific downward eye gaze seen in the 'sunset sign.'
An adolescent with irritable bowel syndrome comes to see the school nurse. What information should the nurse share with the adolescent?
- A. A low-fiber diet is not always required.
- B. Stress management may be helpful.
- C. Milk products may or may not be a contributing factor.
- D. Pantoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) is not a first-line treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stress management may be helpful. Stress is known to exacerbate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), making stress management an essential part of managing the condition. While dietary modifications can also be beneficial, a low-fiber diet is not universally recommended for IBS, as fiber can be important for some individuals. Milk products may or may not be contributing factors, as food triggers can vary among individuals. Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is not typically the first-line treatment for IBS, as it is more commonly used for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-month-old child with gastroesophageal reflux disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Spitting up
- B. Bilious vomiting
- C. Failure to thrive
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants typically presents with symptoms such as spitting up, failure to thrive, excessive crying, and respiratory problems due to aspiration. Bilious vomiting is not a common symptom of GERD in infants and may indicate a different or more severe condition, such as intestinal obstruction or other gastrointestinal issues. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are all expected clinical manifestations of GERD in a 6-month-old child, making option D the correct answer.
What is an essential nursing care intervention for a neonate with a suspected tracheoesophageal fistula?
- A. Feed glucose water only.
- B. Elevate the patient's head for feedings.
- C. Raise the patient's head and give nothing by mouth.
- D. Avoid suctioning unless the infant is cyanotic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Raising the patient's head and giving nothing by mouth is crucial in managing tracheoesophageal fistula. This intervention helps prevent aspiration and further complications until surgical correction can be performed. Feeding the neonate or suctioning could exacerbate the condition by risking aspiration. Elevating the head for feedings does not address the primary concern of preventing oral intake, making it less appropriate than the correct answer.
The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-year-old child with celiac disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Steatorrhea
- B. All are correct
- C. Malnutrition
- D. Foul-smelling stools
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Celiac disease often presents with steatorrhea, malnutrition, and foul-smelling stools due to the malabsorption of nutrients. Therefore, all the manifestations listed (steatorrhea, malnutrition, foul-smelling stools) are expected in a child with celiac disease. Polycythemia is not associated with celiac disease, making choice B the correct answer.