Nokea
Which vitamin plays a vital role in muscle function and helps prevent muscle weakness and fatigue?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in muscle function by helping prevent muscle weakness and fatigue. It is essential for maintaining muscle strength and function, as well as supporting overall bone health. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue, emphasizing its significance for muscle health. Vitamin A does not directly impact muscle function in the same way as Vitamin D. Although Vitamin B12 is important for neurological function and red blood cell production, it is not primarily known for its role in muscle function. Vitamin E is more commonly associated with its antioxidant properties and its role in protecting cells from damage, but it is not specifically linked to muscle function and preventing muscle weakness and fatigue.
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What is the network of vessels and ducts responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues?
- A. Circulatory system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Lymphatic system
- D. Respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the Lymphatic system (option C). The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. It works alongside the circulatory system to maintain fluid balance in the body. The circulatory system (option A) transports blood, the digestive system (option B) processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste, while the respiratory system (option D) is responsible for gas exchange, specifically the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in DNA?
- A. A-G and T-C
- B. A-T and C-G
- C. A-T and T-T
- D. C-C and G-G
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In DNA, nitrogenous bases pair with each other in a specific manner known as complementary base pairing. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). This pairing is essential for maintaining the structure and function of DNA. Option B is the correct answer as it correctly identifies the nitrogenous bases that pair with each other in DNA. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the established base pairing rules in DNA. A-T and C-G are the complementary base pairs in DNA, ensuring the stability and replication fidelity of the genetic material.
What is the end result of mitosis in animal cells?
- A. The production of two identical daughter cells
- B. The production of four haploid cells
- C. The production of a single diploid cell
- D. The production of a single haploid cell
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitosis is a type of cell division specific to eukaryotic cells that results in the production of two identical daughter cells, each with the same genetic material as the parent cell. This process is crucial for growth, tissue repair, and maintaining a constant number of chromosomes in multicellular organisms. During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes are segregated into two separate nuclei, followed by the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as mitosis does not lead to the production of four haploid cells, a single diploid cell, or a single haploid cell. The correct answer is A because mitosis results in the formation of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell, allowing for growth and replacement of damaged cells in multicellular organisms.
What is the involuntary process of emptying the bladder called?
- A. Filtration
- B. Micturition
- C. Reabsorption
- D. Excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Micturition, also known as urination or voiding, is the involuntary process of emptying the bladder. During micturition, the bladder muscle contracts, and the sphincter muscles relax, allowing urine to be expelled from the body. Filtration is the process of separating solids from liquids in the body, not related to emptying the bladder. Reabsorption involves absorbing substances back into the bloodstream, not related to emptying the bladder. Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products from the body, not specifically the process of emptying the bladder.
Which of the following represents different types of electromagnetic waves based on their wavelengths and frequencies?
- A. Visible light, X-rays, radio waves, gamma rays
- B. Sound waves, water waves, seismic waves, shock waves
- C. Longitudinal waves, transverse waves, mechanical waves, non-mechanical waves
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electromagnetic waves are categorized based on their wavelengths and frequencies. Visible light, X-rays, radio waves, and gamma rays are all examples of electromagnetic waves with distinct wavelengths and frequencies. The correct answer choice, A, accurately represents different types of electromagnetic waves. Sound waves, water waves, seismic waves, and shock waves are mechanical waves that propagate through a medium via particle interactions, not electromagnetic waves. Longitudinal waves, transverse waves, mechanical waves, and non-mechanical waves are classifications based on the nature of the wave propagation and do not relate to the types of electromagnetic waves which are differentiated by their electromagnetic properties.