Nokea
Which vitamin's recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is significantly increased during pregnancy?
- A. Folate
- B. Thiamine (B1)
- C. Riboflavin (B2)
- D. Niacin (B3)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Folate. During pregnancy, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folate is significantly increased to support fetal development and prevent neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. Folate plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell growth, making it essential for the rapidly dividing cells of the developing fetus. Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), and Niacin (B3) are important vitamins, but their RDAs do not undergo as significant an increase during pregnancy as folate's RDA does.
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How would protein deficiency likely affect dental tissues?
- A. Decreased resistance to dental caries
- B. Increased tooth size
- C. Delayed tooth development
- D. Increased enamel mineralization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein deficiency can lead to delayed tooth development as the body may not have enough resources to form teeth properly. This delay can make the teeth more susceptible to dental issues due to incomplete formation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Decreased resistance to dental caries is more related to factors like poor oral hygiene and sugary diets, increased tooth size is not a common effect of protein deficiency on dental tissues, and increased enamel mineralization is not typically associated with protein deficiency.
During the later stages of chronic kidney disease, what is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight per day?
- A. 0.6 to 0.75
- B. 1.2 to 1.55
- C. 1.0 to 1.2
- D. 0.8 to 1.0
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the later stages of chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake is typically restricted to 0.6 to 0.75 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. This lower protein intake helps reduce the workload on the kidneys, as excessive protein can be challenging for the kidneys to process. Choice B (1.2 to 1.55) is incorrect as it suggests a higher protein intake, which is not recommended for individuals with advanced kidney disease. Choices C (1.0 to 1.2) and D (0.8 to 1.0) also advocate for protein intakes higher than what is typically advised for individuals in later stages of chronic kidney disease.
What food assistance program provides a food debit card for older adults with low incomes?
- A. the OAA Nutrition Program
- B. Meals on Wheels
- C. the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
- D. the Emergency Food Assistance Program
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). SNAP provides a food debit card to assist low-income individuals, including older adults, in purchasing food. Choice A, the OAA Nutrition Program, is incorrect as it refers to a different program specifically focused on providing nutrition services to older adults. Choice B, Meals on Wheels, is incorrect as it is a meal delivery service for homebound individuals rather than a food debit card program. Choice D, the Emergency Food Assistance Program, is incorrect as it typically involves the distribution of emergency food supplies rather than providing a food debit card.
For patients with anemia, which vitamin is crucial for the absorption of iron?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which is crucial for patients with anemia. Vitamin A (Choice A) is not directly involved in iron absorption. Vitamin D (Choice C) helps with calcium absorption, not iron. Vitamin E (Choice D) does not have a significant role in iron absorption.
What is the function of the gallbladder?
- A. to store bile
- B. to produce bile
- C. to digest bile
- D. to modify bile to a liquid form
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "to store bile." The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile produced by the liver. It releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice B is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the gallbladder does not digest bile but stores and releases it for digestion. Choice D is incorrect because bile is already in liquid form; the gallbladder does not modify it to a liquid state.