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While caring for a hospitalized child, which of the following signs would lead the nurse to suspect the child has diabetes insipidus?
- A. Increased urination
- B. Fruity breath
- C. Weight gain
- D. Slurred speech
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased urination. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive urination (polyuria) due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. This leads to a large volume of dilute urine being produced. The other options are not indicative of diabetes insipidus. Fruity breath (B) is a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis, not diabetes insipidus. Weight gain (C) is not a typical symptom of diabetes insipidus, as patients may even experience weight loss due to dehydration. Slurred speech (D) is not directly related to diabetes insipidus.
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A nurse is caring for an infant who has gastroenteritis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Pale and a 24-hr fluid deficit of 30 mL
- B. Sunken fontanels and dry mucous membranes
- C. Decreased appetite and irritability
- D. Temperature 38° C (100.4° F) and pulse rate 124/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunken fontanels and dry mucous membranes. These findings indicate severe dehydration in the infant with gastroenteritis. Sunken fontanels suggest significant fluid loss, while dry mucous membranes also indicate dehydration. Dehydration in infants can lead to serious complications, so it is crucial for the nurse to report these findings to the provider promptly.
The other choices are not as concerning as choice B. Choice A indicates a fluid deficit but does not suggest severe dehydration. Choice C could be expected in a sick infant and does not require immediate provider notification. Choice D shows signs of fever and tachycardia, which are common in gastroenteritis and may not be as urgent as severe dehydration.
To help the adolescent deal with diabetes, the nurse must consider which developmental characteristic of adolescence?
- A. Desire to be unique
- B. Preoccupation with the future
- C. Need to be perfect and similar to peers
- D. Need to make peers aware of the seriousness of hypoglycemic reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Need to be perfect and similar to peers. During adolescence, individuals often have a strong desire to fit in and be accepted by their peers, leading to a need to conform and be similar to their peers. This characteristic is important to consider when helping an adolescent deal with diabetes as it may impact their adherence to treatment and management of their condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while adolescents may have a desire to be unique or preoccupied with the future, these characteristics are not specifically related to managing diabetes. Additionally, the need to make peers aware of hypoglycemic reactions may not be the most effective or appropriate way to manage the condition.
The nurse understands that the pathophysiology of a thermal injury includes (Select All that Apply):
- A. Hematuria
- B. Edema
- C. Hypovolemia
- D. Anemia
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The correct answers are B: Edema and C: Hypovolemia. Edema occurs due to increased capillary permeability after a thermal injury, leading to fluid leakage into tissues. Hypovolemia results from fluid shift out of the blood vessels into the injured tissues, causing decreased blood volume. Hematuria (A) is not typically associated with thermal injuries. Anemia (D) is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not a direct result of thermal injury.
Which should be the major consideration in selecting toys for a child who is cognitively impaired?
- A. Age appropriateness
- B. Ability to teach useful skills
- C. Safety
- D. Ability to provide exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The major consideration in selecting toys for a cognitively impaired child should be safety (Choice C). Safety is crucial as children with cognitive impairments may have difficulty understanding potential dangers or using toys appropriately. Age appropriateness (Choice A) is important, but safety should take precedence. Teaching useful skills (Choice B) can be beneficial but may not be the primary focus. Providing exercise (Choice D) is valuable, but ensuring safety should come first.
Solumedrol 1.5mg/kg is ordered for a child weighing 74.8 pounds. Solumedrol is available as 125mg/2ml. How many ml must the nurse administer?
- A. 0.62ml
- B. 0.062ml
- C. 0.82ml
- D. 0.082ml
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To calculate the dose of Solumedrol, first convert the child's weight to kg: 74.8 lbs / 2.2 = 34 kg. Then, calculate the dose: 1.5 mg/kg * 34 kg = 51 mg. Next, determine how many ml is needed: 51 mg / 125 mg/ml = 0.408 ml, which is rounded up to 0.82 ml. Choice A is incorrect because it is too low. Choice B is incorrect as it is much lower than the calculated dose. Choice D is incorrect as it is also too low.