Nokea
While collecting data the nurse learns that a patient with a neurological illness has not had a sense of smell for several decades. Which part of the central nervous system should the nurse question as being damaged in this patient?
- A. Brainstem
- B. Occipital lobe
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Temporal lobe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) originates in the temporal lobe, and damage to this area can result in anosmia (loss of smell). The brainstem, occipital lobe, and hypothalamus are not directly involved in the sense of smell. Assessing olfactory function can provide clues about neurological damage.
You may also like to solve these questions
A patient has a severed spinal nerve as a result of trauma. Which statement is true in this situation?
- A. Because there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, no effect results if only one nerve is severed.
- B. The dermatome served by this nerve will no longer experience any sensation.
- C. The adjacent spinal nerves will continue to carry sensations for the dermatome served by the severed nerve.
- D. A severed spinal nerve will only affect motor function of the patient because spinal nerves have no sensory component.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): When a spinal nerve is severed, adjacent spinal nerves can compensate and continue to carry sensations for the dermatome served by the severed nerve. This is possible due to the concept of dermatomes overlapping and the redundancy in sensory innervation. Therefore, the patient may still experience sensation in the affected area despite the specific nerve being severed.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Incorrect. Even if there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, severing one nerve can still have a significant impact on sensory and motor functions depending on the location and severity of the injury.
B: Incorrect. Sensory loss would occur in the dermatome served by the severed nerve, but adjacent nerves can still carry sensations.
D: Incorrect. Spinal nerves have both sensory and motor components, so severing a spinal nerve can affect both sensory and motor functions, not just motor function.
The risk of early-onset AD for the children of parents with it is about 50%.
- A. The risk of early-onset AD for the children of parents with it is about 50%.
- B. Women get AD more often than men do
- C. so his chances of getting AD are slim.
- D. The blood test for the ApoE gene to identify this type of AD can predict who will develop it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early-onset AD has a strong genetic component
When is a diagnosis of cholinergic crisis made?
- A. The patient's respiration is impaired because of muscle weakness.
- B. Administration of edrophonium (Tensilon) increases muscle weakness.
- C. Administration of edrophonium (Tensilon) results in improved muscle contractility.
- D. EMG reveals decreased response to repeated stimulation of muscles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased muscle weakness after Tensilon indicates cholinergic crisis
A patient is discharged from the outpatient clinic following application of a synthetic fiberglass long arm cast for a fractured ulna. Before discharge, the nurse instructs the patient to do what?
- A. Never get the cast wet.
- B. Move the shoulder and fingers frequently.
- C. Place tape petals around the edges of the cast when it is dry.
- D. Use a sling to support the arm at waist level for the first 48 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Moving the unaffected parts promotes circulation and reduces stiffness.
When caring for the patient with CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) associated with scleroderma, what should the nurse teach the patient to do?
- A. Maintain a fluid intake of at least 3000 mL/day.
- B. Avoid exposure to the sun or other ultraviolet light.
- C. Monitor and keep a log of daily blood pressure (BP).
- D. Protect the hands and feet from cold exposure and injury.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cold protection prevents Raynaud's episodes.