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While leading a student class presentation about general adaptation syndrome and its stages, which of the following would the student describe as the final stage?
- A. Perception of a threat
- B. Use of coping mechanisms
- C. Physiologic response
- D. Exhaustion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In Selye?s general adaptation syndrome, the final stage is exhaustion, where resources are depleted if stress persists. Perception of a threat, coping mechanisms, and physiologic response occur earlier in the alarm and resistance stages.
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After teaching a group of students about appraisal and the stress response, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify which of the following as part of the primary appraisal?
- A. Relevance of the goal
- B. Consistency of goal with values
- C. Personal commitment
- D. Outcome explanation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary appraisal involves evaluating the relevance (A), consistency with values (B), and personal commitment (C) to a stressor. Outcome explanation (D) is part of secondary appraisal, assessing coping options, indicating a need for further teaching.
A nurse has completed an assessment of a patient who is experiencing significant stress. The assessment revealed intense anger and acting out behaviors along with statements of negative emotions. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate?
- A. Disturbed thought processes
- B. Low self-esteem
- C. Hopelessness
- D. Ineffective coping
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intense anger, acting out, and negative emotions indicate ineffective coping, as the patient struggles to manage stress adaptively. Disturbed thought processes, low self-esteem, and hopelessness may be present but are less directly tied to the described behaviors.
The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic stress for the past month because of job loss and financial difficulties. When evaluating the patient?s assessment findings, the nurse would anticipate finding an elevated antibody titer to which of the following?
- A. Herpes simplex viruses
- B. Herpes zoster viruses
- C. Acquired immune deficiency viruses
- D. Influenza viruses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic stress suppresses immunity, increasing reactivation of latent herpes simplex viruses, leading to elevated antibody titers. Herpes zoster may reactivate, but HSV is more common. AIDS and influenza are not directly linked to stress-induced immune changes.
A nurse is reviewing the assessment findings of several patients. Which patient would the nurse identify as having a type D personality?
- A. A man who threatens the receptionist in the emergency department with bodily harm if a doctor does not see him right away
- B. A woman who sits quietly reading in a waiting room before seeing her doctor for her annual physical examination
- C. A quiet teen who drinks a six pack of beer against his better judgment because of peer pressure
- D. A man who reacts negatively to almost everything but never discusses his feelings with anyone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type D personality is characterized by negative affectivity and social inhibition, as seen in the man who reacts negatively but suppresses feelings. Threatening behavior, quiet reading, or succumbing to peer pressure do not align with Type D traits.
A nurse is providing an in-service presentation on coping and adaptation. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply.
- A. Most coping strategies are similar in their approach.
- B. Coping when effective leads to adaptation.
- C. Reappraisal occurs simultaneously with coping.
- D. The same coping strategy is used in each situation.
- E. Coping is a deliberate and planned effort to manage stress.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Effective coping leads to adaptation (B), reappraisal occurs with coping (C) as part of ongoing stress evaluation, and coping is deliberate and planned (E). Coping strategies vary (A is false), and different strategies are used per situation (D is false).