Pediatric HESI Practice Questions

Pediatric HESI Practice Questions Related

Review Pediatric HESI Practice Questions related questions and content

While performing a visual inspection of a 30-year-old woman in active labor, you can see the umbilical cord at the vaginal opening. After providing high concentration oxygen, what should you do next?

  • A. massage the uterus to facilitate delivery of the fetus
  • B. relieve pressure from the cord with your gloved fingers
  • C. place the mother on her left side and provide rapid transport
  • D. elevate the mother's lower extremities and provide immediate transport
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the scenario described, the priority is to relieve pressure from the umbilical cord protruding from the vaginal opening by gently pushing it back inside using your gloved fingers. This action helps prevent cord compression, maintains blood flow to the fetus, and ensures fetal oxygenation. Massaging the uterus (Choice A) is not appropriate in this situation as it can potentially worsen the cord compression. Placing the mother on her left side and providing rapid transport (Choice C) can be considered after relieving the pressure on the cord. Elevating the mother's lower extremities and providing immediate transport (Choice D) is not the correct approach when dealing with a visible umbilical cord; instead, the focus should be on relieving pressure from the cord to prevent fetal compromise.

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A healthcare provider is educating a parent group about the importance of immunizations. Which disease can be prevented by the varicella vaccine?

  • A. Measles
  • B. Mumps
  • C. Rubella
  • D. Chickenpox
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The varicella vaccine is specifically designed to prevent chickenpox. Measles, mumps, and rubella are prevented by different vaccines: Measles is prevented by the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine; Mumps is prevented by the MMR vaccine; and Rubella is also prevented by the MMR vaccine. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Chickenpox, as it is the disease prevented by the varicella vaccine.

The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old girl with an endocrine disorder involving the posterior pituitary gland. What care would the nurse expect to implement?

  • A. Instructing the parents to report adverse reactions to the growth hormone treatment
  • B. Teaching the parents how to administer desmopressin acetate
  • C. Informing the parents that treatment stops when puberty begins
  • D. Educating the parents to report signs of acute adrenal crisis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a child with a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland, desmopressin acetate is commonly used to manage the condition by replacing the antidiuretic hormone. Instructing the parents to administer desmopressin acetate correctly is essential for the child's treatment. The other options are incorrect because growth hormone treatment, stopping treatment at puberty, and reporting signs of acute adrenal crisis are not directly related to managing a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland.

During an oral cavity assessment of a 6-month-old infant, the parent inquires about which teeth will erupt first. How should the healthcare provider respond?

  • A. Incisors
  • B. Canines
  • C. Upper molars
  • D. Lower molars
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Incisors are the teeth that typically erupt first in infants, usually around 6 months of age. These teeth play a crucial role in biting and cutting food. Canines, upper molars, and lower molars are not the primary teeth to erupt in infants. Canines usually erupt after incisors, while molars, whether upper or lower, come in later during the teething process.

A 2-year-old child who was admitted to the hospital for further surgical repair of a clubfoot is standing in the crib, crying. The child refuses to be comforted and calls for the mother. As the nurse approaches the crib to provide morning care, the child screams louder. Knowing that this behavior is typical of the stage of protest, what is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

  • A. Use comforting measures while holding the child.
  • B. Fill the basin with water and bathe the child.
  • C. Sit by the crib and bathe the child later when the anxiety decreases.
  • D. Postpone the bath for a day because a child this upset should not be traumatized further.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the stage of protest, children may display distress when separated from their primary caregiver. Sitting by the crib and providing comfort when the child is less anxious is an appropriate intervention. Choice A is incorrect because attempting to hold the child while they are in distress may escalate the situation. Choice B is inappropriate as it ignores the child's emotional distress and proceeds with a task that can wait. Choice D is not the best option as postponing the bath for a day is not necessary; instead, addressing the child's emotional needs promptly is crucial in this situation.

A 1-year-old child has a congenital cardiac malformation that causes right-to-left shunting of blood through the heart. What clinical finding should the nurse expect?

  • A. Proteinuria
  • B. Peripheral edema
  • C. Elevated hematocrit
  • D. Absence of pedal pulses
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a child with a congenital cardiac malformation causing right-to-left shunting of blood, the nurse should expect an elevated hematocrit. This occurs because the body compensates for decreased oxygenation by producing more red blood cells. Proteinuria (Choice A) is not a typical clinical finding related to right-to-left shunting. Peripheral edema (Choice B) is more commonly associated with conditions causing volume overload, such as left-sided heart failure. Absence of pedal pulses (Choice D) is not directly related to right-to-left shunting but may be seen in conditions affecting peripheral circulation.

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