Nokea
While performing an initial assessment on a newborn following a breech delivery, the nurse suspects hip dislocation. Which of the following is most suggestive of the abnormality?
- A. Flexion of lower extremities
- B. Negative Ortolani response
- C. Lengthened leg of affected side
- D. Irregular hip symmetry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Irregular hip symmetry, such as asymmetry in the gluteal folds, is a common sign of hip dislocation in newborns. This finding indicates a potential abnormality in hip development and requires further evaluation and possible treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Flexion of lower extremities is a normal newborn reflex, the Ortolani response is used to detect hip dysplasia rather than hip dislocation, and a lengthened leg of the affected side is not typically associated with hip dislocation in newborns.
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Community health nurses help influence the health of communities through which of the following actions?
- A. legislating health behavior
- B. recording health status of individuals in a similar geographic region
- C. influencing health status and behavior, and engaging in health promotion
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Community health nurses play a crucial role in influencing the health of communities by engaging in health promotion activities and influencing health behaviors. Choice A is incorrect as community health nurses do not legislate health behavior but rather educate and promote healthy behaviors. Choice B is incorrect as while community health nurses may record health data, their main focus is on proactive health promotion and intervention, not just documenting health status. Choice D is incorrect because community health nurses actively work to influence health status and behaviors.
What is a key component of a successful smoking cessation program?
- A. Providing nicotine replacement therapy
- B. Offering surgical interventions
- C. Conducting regular health screenings
- D. Promoting alcohol consumption
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Providing nicotine replacement therapy is a key component of smoking cessation programs as it helps individuals manage nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine replacement therapy includes options like nicotine gum, patches, lozenges, or inhalers. Choice B, offering surgical interventions, is incorrect as smoking cessation programs primarily focus on behavioral and pharmacological interventions rather than surgical procedures. Choice C, conducting regular health screenings, is also incorrect as it is not a direct key component of smoking cessation programs. Choice D, promoting alcohol consumption, is not only incorrect but counterproductive, as it can be detrimental to overall health and hinder smoking cessation efforts.
As community health nurses engage in the process of community empowerment, it is essential that they:
- A. gather data from the community
- B. form partnerships with people in the community
- C. make decisions for the people in the community
- D. accept responsibility for people's actions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the process of community empowerment, community health nurses should form partnerships with the community rather than making decisions for them, gathering data alone, or accepting responsibility for their actions. Forming partnerships ensures that the community is actively involved in decision-making processes, leading to sustainable and effective outcomes. Gathering data is important but not the central aspect of empowerment, while accepting responsibility for people's actions is not a core principle of empowerment but rather promoting accountability within the community.
Which of the following tools is used by community health nurses to identify the health needs of a population?
- A. Health survey
- B. Medical records
- C. Patient interviews
- D. Epidemiological studies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Epidemiological studies are used by community health nurses to identify the health needs of a population. These studies involve investigating patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. While health surveys, medical records, and patient interviews are valuable tools in healthcare, epidemiological studies provide a broader population-based perspective essential for understanding and addressing community health needs.
A client with asthma has low-pitched wheezes present on the final half of exhalation. One hour later the client has high-pitched wheezes extending throughout exhalation. This change in assessment indicates to the nurse that the client
- A. Has increased airway obstruction
- B. Has improved airway obstruction
- C. Needs to be suctioned
- D. Exhibits hyperventilation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Has increased airway obstruction.' High-pitched wheezes extending throughout exhalation indicate a worsening airway obstruction, leading to increased resistance in the airways. Low-pitched wheezes present on the final half of exhalation may suggest some level of obstruction, but the change to high-pitched wheezes throughout exhalation indicates a progression in the obstruction. Choice B is incorrect as the change in wheeze characteristics signifies deterioration rather than improvement. Choice C is incorrect as suctioning is not indicated based on the wheeze assessment findings. Choice D is incorrect as hyperventilation does not typically present with wheezes and is not supported by the information provided.