microbiology chapter 13 test bank

microbiology chapter 13 test bank Related

Review microbiology chapter 13 test bank related questions and content

While studying the pneumonic infection in 1928 the English doctor Frederick Griffith discovered:

  • A. Translation
  • B. Transformation
  • C. Transcription
  • D. Conjugation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transformation. Frederick Griffith discovered bacterial transformation, where genetic material can be transferred between bacteria. He observed this phenomenon while studying pneumonia-causing bacteria in 1928. Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up external DNA and incorporate it into their own genome. This discovery was crucial in understanding how genetic information can be transferred between organisms.

Rationale for other choices:
A: Translation - This term refers to the process of protein synthesis from mRNA, not relevant to Griffith's discovery.
C: Transcription - This term refers to the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA, not related to Griffith's discovery.
D: Conjugation - This term refers to the direct transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells through cell-to-cell contact, which is different from the phenomenon Griffith observed.

You may also like to solve these questions

The cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is composed of:

  • A. Phospholipids, glycerol and glycolipids
  • B. Lipopolysaccharides
  • C. Lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycan
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is primarily composed of phospholipids, glycerol, and glycolipids. Phospholipids form the basic structure of the membrane, with glycerol serving as the backbone and glycolipids present on the outer surface. Lipopolysaccharides (choice B) are primarily found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, not the cytoplasmic membrane. Choice C is incorrect because peptidoglycan is a component of the bacterial cell wall, not the cytoplasmic membrane. Choice D is incorrect as the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is indeed composed of phospholipids, glycerol, and glycolipids.

Laboratory diagnosis of rabies includes all of these except:

  • A. Looking for Negri bodies
  • B. Intracerebrally infected mice
  • C. Looking for Ernst-Babes granules
  • D. Immunofluorescence method
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Looking for Ernst-Babes granules. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies typically involves looking for Negri bodies in the brain tissue, intracerebrally infecting mice for virus isolation, and using immunofluorescence method to detect viral antigens. Ernst-Babes granules are not associated with rabies virus and are not used in the diagnosis of rabies. Therefore, choice C is incorrect.

Coxsackie Viruses can cause:

  • A. Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
  • B. Herpangina
  • C. Mumps
  • D. Poliomyelitis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Herpangina. Coxsackie Viruses are known to cause Herpangina, which is characterized by sore throat, fever, and painful blisters in the mouth and throat. This is because Coxsackie Viruses typically infect the throat and mouth mucosa. Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (A) is commonly caused by Adenoviruses, not Coxsackie Viruses. Mumps (C) is caused by the Mumps virus, a completely different virus. Poliomyelitis (D) is caused by the Poliovirus, not Coxsackie Viruses. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it aligns with the known pathogenicity of Coxsackie Viruses.

For prevention of tuberculosis is used

  • A. specific anti-tuberculosis serum
  • B. BCG
  • C. DTP
  • D. PPD
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BCG. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used for the prevention of tuberculosis. BCG is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that helps the immune system recognize and fight off tuberculosis bacteria. Specific anti-tuberculosis serum (A) is not used for prevention but for treatment. DTP (C) stands for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine, not specific for tuberculosis prevention. PPD (D) is a tuberculin skin test used for diagnosis, not prevention. Thus, BCG is the correct choice for tuberculosis prevention.

Drugs needed for diseases with fewer than 200,000 patients, and that fail to receive attention for development because of cost and need, are called:

  • A. secondary drugs
  • B. minor drugs
  • C. orphan drugs
  • D. specialty drugs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: orphan drugs. Orphan drugs are medications developed to treat rare diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 patients. These diseases often lack attention from pharmaceutical companies due to the high cost and limited market potential. Orphan drugs receive special incentives and regulatory support to encourage their development.

A: Secondary drugs do not specifically refer to medications for rare diseases.
B: Minor drugs is not a recognized term in the context of rare disease medications.
D: Specialty drugs typically refer to high-cost medications used to treat complex or chronic conditions, but not necessarily rare diseases.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.