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While talking with a client with an eating disorder, the client states, I?ve gained 2 pounds, so soon I?ll be over 100 pounds. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
- A. Magnification
- B. Selective abstraction
- C. Overgeneralization
- D. Dichotomous thinking
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement reflects magnification (A), exaggerating the significance of a 2-pound gain into a catastrophic outcome. Selective abstraction (B) focuses on one detail, overgeneralization (C) applies one event broadly, and dichotomous thinking (D) is all-or-nothing reasoning.
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An adolescent is brought to the emergency department by her parents because they were concerned about their daughter?s appearance. The client appears emaciated and pale. The parents tell the nurse that the client has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. A history and physical examination and laboratory testing are completed. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client will be admitted to the hospital? Select all that apply.
- A. Blood pressure of 110/60 mm Hg
- B. Elevated serum potassium level
- C. Decreased serum magnesium level
- D. Heart rate of 40 beats/min
- E. Statements of being hopeless
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Decreased magnesium (C), heart rate of 40 (D), and hopelessness (E) indicate severe medical and psychological complications of anorexia nervosa, warranting hospitalization. Normal blood pressure (A) and elevated potassium (B) are less concerning.
A nursing instructor is reviewing the various theories related to anorexia nervosa. Which of the following would the instructor include when describing theories related to the biologic domain? Select all that apply.
- A. Genetic vulnerability
- B. Separation-individuation
- C. Role pressures
- D. Dieting leading to starvation
- E. Pursuit of thinness
- F. Decreased serotonin activity
Correct Answer: A,F
Rationale: Biologic theories for anorexia nervosa include genetic vulnerability (A) and decreased serotonin activity (F), linked to appetite and mood regulation. Separation-individuation (B), role pressures (C), and pursuit of thinness (E) are psychosocial, and dieting (D) is behavioral.
The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who has been hospitalized with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Knowing the calorie content of numerous foods
- B. Learning strategies to control impulses
- C. Describing physiologic consequences of anorexia nervosa
- D. Setting realistic goals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Setting realistic goals (D) supports recovery by promoting achievable steps toward healthy eating and weight restoration. Calorie knowledge (A) may reinforce obsessive behaviors, impulse control (B) is less specific, and describing consequences (C) is informative but not action-oriented.
A psychiatric mental health nurse working in the community is planning an educational program for fifth and sixth grade teachers. Which of the following would the nurse include?
- A. Discussion of strategies the teachers can use to counteract the role media plays in encouraging eating disorders
- B. Emphasis on the need for teachers to focus their prevention efforts on female students
- C. Stressing of the need to allow students to eat without undue attention or supervision to prevent inadvertently influencing eating patterns
- D. Clarification that peer pressure is not typically problematic in children who are in the fifth and sixth grades
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Rationale: Discussing media?s role in promoting unrealistic body images addresses a key risk factor for eating disorders in young students. Focusing only on females (B) ignores males, unsupervised eating (C) may miss opportunities for intervention, and peer pressure (D) is significant at this age.
While caring for a client with anorexia nervosa, the nurse anticipates that the client would have difficulty making which of the following comments?
- A. I?m mad at you because you won?t let me go on a pass unless I gain weight!
- B. I need to have everything in its place and perfect.
- C. If I gain a pound, I?ll just keep gaining weight.
- D. I am very involved in preparing my food and counting calories.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clients with anorexia nervosa often struggle to express anger directly (A) due to emotional suppression and fear of conflict. Statements about perfectionism (B), fear of weight gain (C), and food preoccupation (D) are typical and align with the disorder?s characteristics.