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Which of the following is an example of a clinical decision support system (CDSS)?
- A. Electronic health record (EHR)
- B. Barcode medication administration
- C. Smart infusion pumps
- D. Automated drug dispensing system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smart infusion pumps. A smart infusion pump is an example of a CDSS as it helps healthcare providers in administering medications accurately by providing alerts, dosage calculations, and other decision support tools. This system enhances patient safety and clinical outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
A: Electronic health record (EHR) - While EHRs store and manage patient health information, they do not provide decision support features like CDSS.
B: Barcode medication administration - While barcoding helps in verifying medication administration, it is not a CDSS that provides clinical decision support.
D: Automated drug dispensing system - While these systems help in dispensing medications accurately, they do not provide clinical decision support tools like smart infusion pumps do.
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A client who is nonambulatory notifies the nurse that their trash can is on fire. After the nurse confirms the presence of the fire, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
- A. Activate the emergency fire alarm.
- B. Extinguish the fire.
- C. Evacuate the client.
- D. Confine the fire.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Confine the fire. This is the most appropriate action because the nurse's first priority is to ensure the safety of the client by containing the fire to prevent it from spreading and causing harm. By confining the fire, the nurse can help protect the client and other individuals in the vicinity. Activating the fire alarm (choice A) may be necessary but should come after the fire is confined. Extinguishing the fire (choice B) may put the nurse and client at risk without proper training or equipment. Evacuating the client (choice C) should only be done if the fire cannot be quickly and safely confined.
A nurse is evaluating teaching for a client who has heart failure. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I am limiting my sodium intake to 2 grams daily.
- B. I have been weighing myself every other morning.
- C. I am trying to decrease my intake of foods with potassium.
- D. I am eating fewer potato chips and more fruit for snacks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because limiting sodium intake to 2 grams daily is crucial for managing heart failure by reducing fluid retention and strain on the heart. This statement shows understanding of dietary restrictions to manage the condition effectively.
Choice B is incorrect because while monitoring weight is important for heart failure, it does not specifically demonstrate understanding of the teaching provided.
Choice C is incorrect because decreasing potassium intake is not recommended for heart failure management unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider.
Choice D is incorrect as it mentions a positive dietary change, but does not address the key issue of sodium intake, which is essential for managing heart failure.
Politics is a means for influencing events and the decisions of others. The nurse manager who consistently reminds the staff that 'there is no I in team' and periodically brings treats for the staff is using:
- A. Image enhancement
- B. Political skills
- C. Reward power
- D. Expert power
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Political skills. The nurse manager is using political skills by emphasizing teamwork and building relationships through treats to influence the staff. This demonstrates an understanding of social dynamics and power structures within the team. Image enhancement (A) focuses on improving one's personal or professional reputation, not team dynamics. Reward power (C) involves using rewards or incentives to influence behavior, which is not the case here. Expert power (D) is based on knowledge and expertise, but the scenario does not indicate that the nurse manager is leveraging expertise to influence the team.
What is the primary focus of health promotion activities?
- A. To manage chronic diseases
- B. To educate patients about their health
- C. To prevent the onset of disease
- D. To identify and treat diseases early
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent the onset of disease. Health promotion activities aim to prevent illnesses before they occur by promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles. This is a proactive approach that focuses on preventing diseases rather than managing or treating them after they have developed. Choice A focuses on managing existing conditions, choice B emphasizes educating patients after the fact, and choice D focuses on early detection and treatment rather than prevention. Preventing disease through health promotion is the most effective and cost-efficient approach to improving overall health outcomes.
Through which of the following methods are values learned?
- A. Reading books
- B. Formal degrees
- C. Continuous reinforcement
- D. Meeting diverse individuals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Continuous reinforcement. Values are typically learned through consistent reinforcement of behavior that aligns with those values. This reinforcement can come from various sources such as parents, teachers, peers, and societal norms. Continuous reinforcement ensures that the values are internalized and become part of one's belief system.
A: Reading books may expose individuals to different perspectives and values, but values are primarily learned through experiential and interpersonal interactions rather than just reading.
B: Formal degrees may provide education and knowledge but do not guarantee the internalization of values. Values are often shaped through personal experiences and interactions rather than academic qualifications.
D: Meeting diverse individuals can broaden one's perspective and expose them to different values, but values are not solely learned through interaction with others. Continuous reinforcement plays a more crucial role in internalizing values.