Who created the Mongan Method?
- A. physician
- B. midwife
- C. hypnotherapist
- D. organization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypnotherapist. The Mongan Method was created by Marie Mongan, who is a hypnotherapist. She developed this method as a childbirth education program that incorporates hypnosis techniques to help women have a more positive and empowering birthing experience. The other choices are incorrect because a physician, midwife, or organization did not create the Mongan Method. Marie Mongan's background in hypnotherapy is the key factor in why choice C is the correct answer.
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What is the most critical sign of fetal distress during labor?
- A. Accelerations in fetal heart rate
- B. Decreased variability in fetal heart rate
- C. Early decelerations in fetal heart rate
- D. Late decelerations in fetal heart rate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Late decelerations in fetal heart rate. Late decelerations indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, where the fetus is not receiving enough oxygen during contractions. This is critical as it can lead to fetal hypoxia and acidosis, posing a risk to the baby's well-being. Early decelerations (C) are generally benign and result from head compression during contractions. Accelerations (A) are a reassuring sign indicating fetal well-being. Decreased variability (B) can be concerning but is not as critical as late decelerations in indicating fetal distress.
How can a nurse support a mother who has chosen not to breastfeed?
- A. Provide resources on breastfeeding benefits
- B. Provide formula samples for feeding
- C. Discuss the risks of formula feeding
- D. Support the mother’s feeding choice without judgment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it promotes non-judgmental support for the mother's decision. As a nurse, it is crucial to respect the mother's autonomy and decision-making. Providing resources on breastfeeding benefits (choice A) may come off as pressuring or judgmental. Offering formula samples (choice B) may not align with the mother's choice. Discussing risks of formula feeding (choice C) may create guilt or shame. Supporting the mother's feeding choice without judgment (choice D) encourages a positive and supportive environment for the mother.
One goal of Healthy People 2030 is to improve pregnancy planning and prevent unintended pregnancy. What is a negative outcome related to unintended pregnancy that is related to this HP goal?
- A. lost jobs related to inabilities to continue to work
- B. depression and anxiety
- C. increased BMI and unintentional weight gain
- D. increased health-care costs in the United States
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: depression and anxiety. Unintended pregnancies can lead to mental health issues like depression and anxiety due to the emotional, financial, and social stress associated with unplanned parenthood. This aligns with the goal of Healthy People 2030 to improve pregnancy planning. Choice A is incorrect because while lost jobs can be a consequence of unintended pregnancy, it is not directly related to the mental health aspect targeted by this HP goal. Choice C is incorrect as increased BMI and weight gain are not typically cited as negative outcomes directly related to unintended pregnancy prevention. Choice D is incorrect as while unintended pregnancies can lead to increased healthcare costs, it does not specifically address the mental health aspect targeted by the HP goal.
The nurse is assessing a client in the third trimester with suspected placental abruption. What finding supports this diagnosis?
- A. Painless bright red bleeding.
- B. Boardlike abdomen and severe pain.
- C. Soft, relaxed uterus.
- D. Increased fetal movement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Boardlike abdomen and severe pain. This finding supports the diagnosis of placental abruption because it indicates a significant and sudden separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, leading to intense pain and rigidity of the abdomen due to internal bleeding. Painless bright red bleeding (choice A) is more indicative of placenta previa, not placental abruption. A soft, relaxed uterus (choice C) is not typical in placental abruption, which usually presents with uterine tenderness and rigidity. Increased fetal movement (choice D) is not specific to placental abruption and can occur in various pregnancy conditions.
Preexisting medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune diseases can impact pregnancy outcomes. What education can the nurse provide?
- A. Your medical condition always gets worse during pregnancy.
- B. Nutrition changes cannot help with fertility.
- C. Maintaining glucose control can increase chances of conceiving.
- D. Autoimmune diseases only affect pregnancy, not infertility.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintaining glucose control can increase chances of conceiving. This is because uncontrolled diabetes can lead to complications during pregnancy, affecting both the mother and the baby. By educating the patient on the importance of managing their glucose levels, the nurse can help improve fertility outcomes.
A: Your medical condition always gets worse during pregnancy - Incorrect. Medical conditions may not always worsen during pregnancy, and managing them properly can lead to positive outcomes.
B: Nutrition changes cannot help with fertility - Incorrect. Nutrition plays a crucial role in fertility, and making appropriate dietary changes can improve the chances of conception.
D: Autoimmune diseases only affect pregnancy, not infertility - Incorrect. Autoimmune diseases can impact fertility as well as pregnancy outcomes, so it is important to address these conditions when trying to conceive.