Who formulated the ABC principle of emotional disturbance which emphasizes cognitive control of emotional states:
- A. Albert Einstein
- B. Joa Watson
- C. Albert Ellis
- D. A.L. Erikson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albert Ellis' ABC model (Activating event, Belief, Consequence) controls emotions via cognition.
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The organized set of information that the individual carries in his/her head about what the general expectation and attitudes of the social group are, is called
- A. Generalized others
- B. Exaggerating
- C. Looking glass self
- D. Minding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The generalized other (Mead) is internalized societal expectations.
When children come to understand that people have thoughts, feelings, and beliefs different from their own, this is known as
- A. Egocentric theory
- B. Behavioral theory
- C. Cognitive theory
- D. Theory of mind
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Theory of mind, emerging around age 4, is understanding others' mental states (Piaget).
A decrease in which of the following neurotransmitters has been implicated in depression?
- A. GABA, acetylcholine, and aspartate
- B. Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
- C. Somatostatin, substance P, and glycine
- D. Glutamate, histamine, and opioid peptides
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A decrease in norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine has been well-documented in the etiology of depression, as these neurotransmitters play key roles in mood regulation, aligning with option b.
Which group comprises the largest percentage of the human population with hearing loss?
- A. Elderly
- B. Gender disorder
- C. Middle-aged adults
- D. Teenagers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The elderly have the highest hearing loss rates due to presbycusis.
You are caring for a client whose pressure ulcer is yellow. Which treatment will you most likely employ for this wound?
- A. A barrier film
- B. An alginate dressing
- C. Surgical laser debridement
- D. Autolytic debridement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Yellow slough requires an alginate dressing (B) for debridement.