Nokea
Who is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement?
- A. Arnold Gesell was among the first to write child-rearing books for parents
- B. Arnold Gesell is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement
- C. Arnold Gesell foreshadowed lifespan research by writing a book on aging
- D. Arnold Gesell constructed the first successful intelligence test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arnold Gesell is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement, emphasizing the importance of observing and documenting children's behaviors to understand their development. While he was a significant figure in child development research, he did not specifically write child-rearing books for parents, foreshadow lifespan research, or construct the first successful intelligence test. Choice A is incorrect as Gesell's focus was more on research rather than writing child-rearing books. Choice C is incorrect as Gesell's main contributions were in child development, not specifically in aging research. Choice D is incorrect as Gesell is not credited with constructing the first successful intelligence test.
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Which statement about epidural analgesia is true?
- A. It numbs the entire lower half of the body.
- B. It limits pain reduction to the pelvic region.
- C. It strengthens uterine contractions.
- D. It shortens the length of labor.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement about epidural analgesia is that it limits pain reduction to the pelvic region by blocking nerve signals from that specific area, providing pain relief during labor and delivery. Choice A is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not numb the entire lower half of the body. Choice C is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not strengthen uterine contractions; in fact, it may sometimes weaken them. Choice D is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not shorten the length of labor; it can sometimes prolong labor.
How were baby boomers generally perceived by popular culture and media?
- A. They were more economically underprivileged than their counterparts in the previous generation
- B. They adopted their parents' family- and marriage-centered lifestyles in early adulthood
- C. They embraced growing old far more than their predecessors
- D. They were labeled a narcissistic, indulged, 'me' generation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The statement that baby boomers were labeled a narcissistic, indulged, 'me' generation aligns with the common perception of this generation in popular culture and media. Baby boomers, who were born between 1946 and 1964, have often been characterized in this way due to their reputation for self-centeredness and individualism. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the typical perception of baby boomers in popular culture and media.
Although great diversity characterizes the interests and concerns of investigators who study development, they share a single goal: to identify __________.
- A. genetic factors that contribute to longevity
- B. environmental factors that contribute to disease and illness
- C. those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents
- D. those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because investigators who study development aim to identify the factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death. This goal encompasses various domains such as physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, highlighting the comprehensive nature of developmental research. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the overarching goal of developmental researchers, which is to understand the factors influencing individuals throughout their lifespan, rather than focusing solely on genetic factors, environmental factors related to disease, or abnormal development in specific age groups.
What is a major strength of the clinical interview?
- A. Makes comparing individuals' responses very easy
- B. Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period
- C. Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group
- D. Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural settings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The major strength of the clinical interview is that it can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period. This allows researchers to gather detailed data about an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors efficiently. Choice A is incorrect because the clinical interview focuses on gathering information from individuals rather than comparing their responses. Choice C is incorrect as clinical interviews are primarily aimed at understanding individuals rather than cultures or social groups. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a strength of naturalistic observations, not clinical interviews.
What is the function of the amniotic fluid?
- A. Delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
- B. Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant
- C. Delivers nutrients and removes waste products
- D. Produces blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.' Amniotic fluid helps maintain a stable and warm environment for the developing organism, assisting in regulating the temperature. This fluid also acts as a cushion, protecting the fetus from physical harm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while amniotic fluid provides protection and support to the developing organism, it does not directly deliver food, oxygen, nutrients, or remove waste products, nor does it produce blood cells as the organs eventually take over this function.