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Why are cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers recommended in the home treatment of respiratory infections?
- A. They are safer.
- B. They are less expensive.
- C. Respiratory secretions are dried by steam vaporizers.
- D. A more comfortable environment is produced.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cool-mist vaporizers are safer than steam vaporizers, reducing the risk of burns and microbial growth. Costs are comparable, steam vaporizers loosen rather than dry secretions, and both types enhance comfort, but safety is the primary reason for choosing cool-mist.
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The nurse is caring for a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with sepsis. What nursing action should be included in the care of the child?
- A. Force fluids.
- B. Monitor pulse oximetry.
- C. Institute seizure precautions.
- D. Encourage a high-protein diet.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring pulse oximetry is critical to assess oxygenation in ARDS, guiding respiratory support. Fluids are given parenterally to maintain hydration, seizures are not typical in ARDS, and a high-protein diet is not specifically beneficial compared to balanced nutrition.
Parents bring their 15-month-old infant to the emergency department at 3:00 AM because the toddler has a temperature of 39 C (102.2 F), is crying inconsolably, and is tugging at the ears. A diagnosis of otitis media (OM) is made. In addition to antibiotic therapy, the nurse practitioner should instruct the parents to use what medication?
- A. Decongestants to ease stuffy nose
- B. Antihistamines to help the child sleep
- C. Aspirin for pain and fever management
- D. Benzocaine ear drops for topical pain relief
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Benzocaine ear drops provide topical relief for otitis media pain. Decongestants and antihistamines are not recommended, and aspirin is contraindicated in children due to Reye syndrome risk.
A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department. She has a froglike croaking sound on inspiration, is agitated, and is drooling. She insists on sitting upright. The nurse should intervene in which manner?
- A. Make her lie down and rest quietly.
- B. Examine her oral pharynx and report to the physician.
- C. Auscultate her lungs and prepare for placement in a mist tent.
- D. Notify the physician immediately and be prepared to assist with a tracheostomy or intubation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symptoms suggest epiglottitis, a medical emergency requiring immediate physician notification and preparation for airway support like tracheostomy or intubation. Lying down worsens breathing, examining the throat risks obstruction, and mist tents are ineffective for epiglottitis.
What consideration is most important in managing tuberculosis (TB) in children?
- A. Skin testing
- B. Chemotherapy
- C. Adequate rest
- D. Adequate hydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapy with drugs like isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide is the cornerstone of TB management in children, administered for 2 months daily and then 4 months biweekly. Skin testing aids diagnosis, while rest and hydration support but are secondary to drug therapy.
What statement best represents infectious mononucleosis?
- A. Herpes simplex type 2 is the principal cause.
- B. A complete blood count shows a characteristic leukopenia.
- C. A short course of ampicillin is used when pharyngitis is present.
- D. Clinical signs and symptoms and blood tests are both needed to establish the diagnosis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diagnosing infectious mononucleosis requires both clinical symptoms (e.g., sore throat, lymphadenopathy) and blood tests (heterophil antibody, monospot), as symptoms mimic other diseases. Epstein-Barr virus, not herpes simplex, causes it; lymphocytosis, not leukopenia, is typical; and penicillin, not ampicillin, is used due to rash risks.