Nokea
Why are infants more vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte imbalances than adults?
- A. They have a smaller surface area than adults in proportion to body weight.
- B. Water needs and losses per kilogram are lower than those for adults.
- C. A greater percentage of body water in infants is extracellular.
- D. Infants have a lower metabolic turnover of water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A higher percentage of extracellular water in infants increases their vulnerability to fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which finding in a newborn is suggestive of tracheoesophageal fistula?
- A. Failure to pass meconium in 24 hours
- B. Choking on the first feeding
- C. Palpable mass in the sternal area
- D. Visible peristalsis across abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choking on the first feeding is a key indicator of tracheoesophageal fistula due to the abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea.
Which nursing interventions will be implemented for the mother of a 10-month-old infant with nonorganic failure to thrive?
- A. Pointing out errors that the nurse observes when the mother is caring for the infant
- B. Discussing negative characteristics of the infant with the mother
- C. Having the nurse provide as much of the infant's care as possible
- D. Teaching the mother about the developmental milestones to expect in the next few months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Teaching about developmental milestones provides anticipatory guidance, supporting parental care in nonorganic failure to thrive.
Which food would the nurse recommend to include in the child's diet?
- A. Cooked vegetables
- B. Pretzels
- C. Whole-grain cereal
- D. Yogurt
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Whole-grain cereal, a high-roughage food, helps alleviate constipation by promoting bowel movements.
What is the most appropriate action?
- A. Induce vomiting by giving the child syrup of ipecac.
- B. Take the child to the local emergency department.
- C. Give the child activated charcoal mixed with juice.
- D. Give the child milk to soothe affected mucous membranes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking the child to the emergency department with the ingested substance's packaging is the safest action for dishwashing detergent ingestion.
Why are rapid respirations a possible cause of dehydration?
- A. They prevent the child from drinking.
- B. They increase circulation, thus increasing urine production.
- C. They cause evaporation of fluid on the mucous membranes.
- D. They often lead to vomiting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid respirations increase insensible fluid loss through evaporation from mucous membranes, contributing to dehydration.