Nokea
Why do cells need to use exocytosis?
- A. To obtain energy
- B. To defend against invaders
- C. To eliminate waste
- D. To undergo cell division
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cells use exocytosis to eliminate waste from the cell. Exocytosis is the process by which cells expel waste materials or products outside the cell. This process helps maintain cellular cleanliness and proper functioning by preventing the accumulation of harmful substances inside the cell, ensuring the cell's health and survival.
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What type of bond holds molecules of water together with other water molecules?
- A. Ionic
- B. Covalent
- C. Hydrogen
- D. Molecular
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: Hydrogen.' Molecules of water are held together by hydrogen bonds. These bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but are crucial in various biological processes, such as maintaining the unique properties of water and facilitating specific interactions in biological molecules.
How are viruses categorized?
- A. Size and shape
- B. Presence or absence of an outer envelope
- C. All of these are ways in which a virus is categorized
- D. Type of nucleic acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Viruses are categorized based on several criteria, including size and shape, presence or absence of an outer envelope, and type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). Therefore, the most comprehensive answer is that all these factors are used for categorization.
Which is an example of the correct organizational hierarchy for a wolf?
- A. Muscle tissue, blood cell, DNA, organ, circulatory system, wolf
- B. DNA, blood cell, muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system, wolf
- C. Circulatory system, DNA, muscle tissue, blood cell, heart, wolf
- D. Blood cell, organ, circulatory system, muscle tissue, DNA, wolf
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct organizational hierarchy in biology follows a specific order from smallest to largest. It starts with DNA (genetic material), followed by blood cells (basic units of life), then muscle tissue (a collection of cells), followed by the heart (an organ), then the circulatory system (a system of organs), and finally the whole organism, the wolf. Therefore, the correct sequence for the organizational hierarchy for a wolf is DNA, blood cell, muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system, and wolf.
What organisms cannot produce energy without oxygen?
- A. Obligate anaerobes.
- B. Strict aerobes.
- C. Facultative aerobes.
- D. Facultative anaerobes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Strict aerobes
Rationale:
1. Strict aerobes require oxygen for energy production through aerobic respiration.
2. Without oxygen, strict aerobes cannot generate energy efficiently.
3. Obligate anaerobes (A) do not require oxygen and can produce energy through anaerobic respiration.
4. Facultative aerobes (C) can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration based on oxygen availability.
5. Facultative anaerobes (D) can generate energy through both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, depending on the environment.
Summary:
Strict aerobes are organisms that solely rely on oxygen for energy production. Other choices (A, C, D) can adapt their energy production methods based on oxygen availability.
Which of the following is a protein?
- A. cellulose
- B. hemoglobin
- C. estrogen
- D. ATP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemoglobin is the correct answer as it is a protein. Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of amino acids that are essential for various structural and functional roles in the body. Hemoglobin, specifically, is a protein found in red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body, highlighting its crucial role in oxygen transportation.