Nokea
Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments?
- A. Differences in brain function can be easily identified.
- B. Concordance rates tend to be higher.
- C. It is possible that the genetics of twins who have been separated have changed in ways to explain any differences found.
- D. It is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together are due to their being treated more similarly than nonidentical twins.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Studying identical twins raised in different environments allows researchers to understand the impact of genetics versus environmental factors on traits. Choice A is incorrect because differences in brain function can be influenced by a variety of factors and not solely by environmental differences. Choice B is incorrect as concordance rates tend to be higher in identical twins reared together due to shared genetics and environment. Choice C is incorrect because genetics do not change due to being raised in different environments.
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A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?
- A. Authoritarian
- B. Permissive/indulgent
- C. Authoritative
- D. Neglectful/uninvolved
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Neglectful/uninvolved. This parenting style is associated with a lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness due to the lack of parental involvement and emotional support. Authoritarian parenting (choice A) is characterized by strict rules and high demands, not necessarily linked to these issues. Permissive/indulgent parenting (choice B) involves few rules and high responsiveness, which may not directly lead to these problems. Authoritative parenting (choice C) combines high demands with emotional support and is actually linked to positive outcomes such as good school performance and social skills.
A model of understanding mental illnesses that attempts to integrate the contributions of many different types of actors is called the ________ viewpoint.
- A. biopsychosocial
- B. sociocultural
- C. Gestalt
- D. neuroscience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: biopsychosocial. The biopsychosocial viewpoint considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illnesses. This model recognizes that mental health and illness are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Choice B, sociocultural, focuses more on societal and cultural influences on mental health, while Choice C, Gestalt, relates to holistic psychology. Choice D, neuroscience, emphasizes the role of the nervous system and brain in mental processes, but it does not encompass the broader integration of biological, psychological, and social aspects seen in the biopsychosocial viewpoint.
How do socioeconomic factors influence mental health?
- A. Socioeconomic factors have no impact on mental health.
- B. Socioeconomic factors are the primary determinants of mental health.
- C. Socioeconomic factors are irrelevant to mental health.
- D. Socioeconomic factors can exacerbate but not cause mental health issues.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Socioeconomic factors are indeed primary determinants of mental health. These factors influence mental health by impacting access to resources, stress levels, and overall well-being. Choice A is incorrect as socioeconomic factors do have a significant impact on mental health. Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in mental health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect as socioeconomic factors can both exacerbate and cause mental health issues.
How do socioeconomic factors affect mental health?
- A. Socioeconomic factors do not affect mental health.
- B. Socioeconomic factors are one of the primary determinants of mental health.
- C. Socioeconomic factors only affect mental health in extreme cases.
- D. Socioeconomic factors have no clear impact on mental health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Socioeconomic factors like income and education levels are key determinants of mental health. They influence access to resources such as healthcare, housing, and social support systems, which can impact an individual's mental well-being. Additionally, socioeconomic factors can contribute to stress levels and overall quality of life, which in turn affect mental health. Choice A is incorrect because socioeconomic factors do play a significant role in mental health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors have a broad impact on mental health beyond extreme cases. Choice D is also incorrect as numerous studies have shown the clear impact of socioeconomic factors on mental health.
_______ tends to be seen in American children, whereas _______ tends to be seen in Thai children.
- A. Aggressive behavior; calm behavior
- B. Overcontrolled behavior; undercontrolled behavior
- C. Undercontrolled behavior; overcontrolled behavior
- D. Equal behavioral traits in both cultures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Undercontrolled behavior tends to be seen in American children, whereas overcontrolled behavior is seen in Thai children.' This statement is supported by cultural studies and observations. American children are often described as exhibiting undercontrolled behavior, which includes impulsivity and lack of inhibition. On the other hand, Thai children are often described as showing overcontrolled behavior, characterized by restraint and adherence to social norms. Choice A is incorrect because calm behavior is not typically associated with American children. Choice B is incorrect as overcontrolled behavior is not commonly associated with American children. Choice D is incorrect as there are observed differences in behavioral traits between American and Thai children.