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Facts about the One Dollar Bill
As Americans, we should all know some statistics about our currency.
The one dollar bill is a fascinating document with a varied historical beginning. Consisting of a cotton and linen blend with minute
red and blue silk fibers woven through it, the one dollar bill debuted in 1957. Due to the fact that the bill is constructed of material,
laundering it does not cause any permanent harm. A special blend of ink created from a secret formula is used to write on the dollar bill,
which acts as a deterrent to counterfeiters.
By sharing these important facts with others, a common understanding and appreciation of the one dollar bill is established.
Why is making counterfeit copies of the one dollar bill difficult?
- A. Americans don't know enough about the one dollar bill.
- B. The intricate designs on the seals are hard to copy.
- C. The formula for the ink used is kept a secret.
- D. The paper used is a special blend of materials.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Counterfeiting the one dollar bill is challenging due to the special blend of ink made from a secret formula used on the bill. The secrecy of the ink's formula acts as a strong deterrent against counterfeiters as it is hard to replicate, making option C the correct answer.
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All That Jazz: Jazz is an American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African-American communities in the Southern United States. It derived from a confluence of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has also incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. The word jazz began as a West Coast slang term of uncertain derivation and was first used to refer to music in Chicago in about 1915.
Improvisation is one of the key elements of jazz and a fundamental part of the nature of the music. In jazz, the skilled performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways, never playing the same composition exactly the same way twice. Depending upon the performer's mood and personal experience, interactions with fellow musicians, or even members of the audience, a jazz musician/performer may alter melodies, harmonies, or time signatures at will.
What is the definition of 'confluence' as used in the first paragraph?
- A. Influence.
- B. Melding.
- C. Intersection.
- D. Coming Together.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Coming Together.
Explanation: In the context of the paragraph, 'confluence' refers to the merging or coming together of African and European music traditions to form jazz. This term signifies the blending and integration of different musical influences to create a new art form. 'Influence' (choice A) implies one-way impact, 'melding' (choice B) suggests mixing without a distinct merging, and 'intersection' (choice C) indicates a meeting point but not necessarily a merging or fusion, making them all less fitting than 'coming together' in conveying the essence of 'confluence' in this context.
A Bit About Bicycles: Children begin to taste freedom on bicycles. Historians believe that bicycles began around 3500 B.C. in the Middle East although it took 53 centuries before bicycles were fashioned in the way we know them today.
With over 1500 moving parts, bicycles are complex yet simple machines and amazingly the basic design has not changed since the 1880s. A few tweaks have been added, such as gears and hand-operated brakes, but bicycles remain a steady source of exercise and entertainment for both children and adults. Some forms of bicycling are mountain biking and BMX biking which is similar to cross-country motorcycle racing.
In many countries around the world, bicycles are a necessary part of daily existence. Bicycling in China is imperative if you want to go places, due to the vast population in a relatively small area. Bicycles are coming back in high demand all over the world.
About how long did it take for bicycles to look and feel like they do today?
- A. 100 years.
- B. 53 years.
- C. 5,300 years.
- D. 3,500 years.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 100 years. The passage states that bicycles began around 3500 B.C. in the Middle East, but it took 53 centuries before bicycles were fashioned in the way we know them today. 53 centuries equal to 5300 years. However, the passage mentions that the basic design of bicycles has not changed since the 1880s, which is around 100 years ago from now. Therefore, it took about 100 years for bicycles to look and feel like they do today.
Explanation:
- Choice A is correct because it aligns with the information provided in the passage about the time it took for bicycles to evolve into their current design.
- Choice B is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the timeline mentioned in the passage.
- Choice C is incorrect as it overestimates the time it took for bicycles to reach their modern design.
- Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the starting point of bicycles' invention rather than the time
Violence: Lately, studies have been done to decide whether a relationship exists between violence on television and mounting violence in the streets of the United States. More and better research is needed to assess fully the effects of exposure to violence on human behavior. However, early results seem to indicate that some people are influenced negatively by what they see on TV, especially young children. Since children born today, on an average, are exposed to seven hours of TV a day, some changes seem needed.
Consultants have advised network officials to reconsider certain policies if they wish to avoid the pitfalls of increased government regulations.
The theme of the article seems to be to
- A. persuade people to support censorship of television.
- B. inform people about the debate over TV violence.
- C. alarm people about the effects of television violence.
- D. persuade people to relax controls over TV programming.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (inform people about the debate over TV violence)
Rationale:
1. The passage discusses studies on the relationship between TV violence and real-life violence.
2. It mentions the need for more research to fully understand the effects of violence on behavior.
3. It emphasizes the negative influence of TV violence, especially on young children.
4. The passage concludes with a recommendation for network officials to reconsider policies.
5. Therefore, the theme is to inform people about the ongoing debate and concerns regarding TV violence.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: The passage does not explicitly advocate for censorship of television.
C: While the passage discusses negative effects of TV violence, it does not aim to alarm people.
D: The passage does not suggest relaxing controls over TV programming; in fact, it hints at the need for changes.
Over the last few decades, medical experts have changed their thinking on the health effects of some common foods and beverages. Higher-fat foods and some alcoholic beverages like red wine and beer, once viewed as top threats to a healthy lifestyle, are now seen by many as less harmful and even as having some health benefits. But there is perhaps no topic that the medical community has reversed its
thinking on more often than coffee. Since long before the advent of modern medicine, public opinion regarding the health effects of coffee has been diverse and ever-changing. Opinion on coffee's health effects can be traced back several centuries. In the 1600s, doctors in England touted coffee as a cure for alcoholism, but some women complained that coffee was making their husbands impotent. They may have been correct, as caffeine is a
diuretic and can irritate the prostate (dehydration and prostatitis can both lead to erectile dysfunction). In the late 1700s, coffeehouses began opening all over colonial America, where coffee was seen as a healthy stimulant that helped the colonists work longer hours. But by the early 1900s, public concern grew as coffee consumption was blamed for a variety of common ailments, such as nervousness, indigestion, and insomnia. In the 1970s, medical journals published studies that linked coffee consumption with high blood pressure and an increased risk of heart attacks. In 2001, a meta-study indicated that coffee was responsible for a 20% increase in risk for urinary tract cancer. But starting in 2007, to the surprise of many, meta-studies began to show positive health effects of coffee consumption. A 2007 study showed that coffee was viewed by many as "practically a health food." However, CNN also warned that given the long history of flip-flops on the health effects of coffee, medical and public opinion on coffee could easily turn negative again.
What is the definition of the term insomnia as mentioned in the third paragraph?
- A. Difficulty sleeping.
- B. Double vision.
- C. Dizziness.
- D. Drowsiness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insomnia, as mentioned in the passage, is described as one of the common ailments attributed to coffee consumption. The term refers to the difficulty or trouble in falling asleep or staying asleep, which aligns with choice A, 'Difficulty sleeping.' Insomnia is characterized by a persistent problem with sleep patterns, leading to inadequate or poor-quality sleep, rather than symptoms like double vision, dizziness, or drowsiness.
Electrocardiogram
The rhythmic sounds of "beep... beep... beep..." signify the measurement of the heart muscle's strength. This rhythmic signal varies from person to person and is recorded as an electrocardiogram (ECG). Within the body, a complex array of systemic neural responses generates electric currents that can be detected on the skin's surface. When a person is connected to an amplifier, these impulses are captured by an electrocardiograph. Most of the information gathered pertains to the heart, as it emits electric currents in waves. This "wave of excitation" propagates through the heart wall and is associated with electrical changes. The process occurs in three distinct phases. First, the "wave of excitation," accompanied by an electrical change, lasts for about 1 to 2 seconds following the contraction of the cardiac muscle. These electrical impulses are rhythmically discharged from the sinoatrial (SA) node, which acts as the heart's natural pacemaker, signaling the atrium to contract. The peak of the ECG reading is attributed to the atrioventricular (AV) node, which triggers the excitation of the ventricles. Finally, as the ventricles relax, any changes in the wave pattern can alert trained medical personnel to potential abnormalities within the heart.
What is the best summary of the passage?
- A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the heart. Medical staff are trained to recognize any abnormalities within the heart.
- B. Every individual has unique electric currents on the surface of the body. The ECG measures and records these electric currents.
- C. The ECG systematically and rather quickly measures the stages at which the "wave of excitation" occurs within the heart and records them. This wave has three distinct steps that spread from the SA node to the AV node.
- D. The ECG measures the electric currents within the body. These currents are detected on the surface of the body when the body is connected to an amplifier.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it accurately summarizes the passage by highlighting that the ECG systematically measures the stages of the 'wave of excitation' within the heart. This wave has three distinct steps that spread from the SA node to the AV node. The other options either focus on general information about electric currents or do not capture the specific details provided in the passage about the ECG and the heart's electrical activity.