Nokea
With regard to the estimation and interpretation of the recurrence of risks for genetic disorders, nurses should be aware that:
- A. With a dominant disorder, the likelihood of the second child also having the condition is 100%.
- B. An autosomal recessive disease carries a one in eight risk of the second child also having the disorder.
- C. Disorders involving maternal ingestion of drugs carry a one in four chance of being repeated in the second child.
- D. The risk factor remains the same no matter how many affected children are already in the family.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Each pregnancy is an independent event. The risk factor remains the same for each child.
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The nurse is providing care to a pregnant person at 34 weeks’ gestation who is experiencing heartburn. The pregnant person asks why they are experiencing heartburn so often. What is the appropriate nurse’s response to the pregnant person’s question?
- A. Heartburn is common during pregnancy because of the increase in food cravings.
- B. Heartburn increases during pregnancy because of the increase in salivation.
- C. Heartburn occurs because the cardiac sphincter relaxes, allowing stomach acid to come up into the esophagus.
- D. The increase in a pregnant person’s metabolism causes an increase in stomach acid and heartburn.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heartburn occurs because the cardiac sphincter relaxes, allowing acid reflux. Other options are incorrect causes.
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
- A. the ovary
- B. the uterus
- C. the fallopian tube
- D. the vagina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, where the sperm meets the ovum.
When should a woman start having pap smears?
- A. None
- B. At age 21.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Guidelines recommend starting pap smears at age 21.
A man's wife is pregnant for the third time. One child was born with cystic fibrosis, and the other child is healthy. The man wonders what the chance is that this child will have cystic fibrosis. This type of testing is known as:
- A. Occurrence risk.
- B. Recurrence risk.
- C. Predictive testing.
- D. Predisposition testing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The couple already has a child with a genetic disease so they will be given a recurrence risk test.
An infertile couple learns that the female is unable to produce viable eggs. The male partner suggests the use of a surrogate as a means of having a child. The female states, 'I don’t want your baby with another woman!' The nurse is aware of which psychosocial issue with this couple?
- A. The male blames the female for the infertility
- B. The female is jealous of the surrogate’s fertility
- C. The male needs to have a child with his genes
- D. The female is experiencing self-esteem issues
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The female is experiencing self-esteem issues due to infertility and the suggestion of a surrogate. The other choices either misinterpret the scenario or are less likely explanations for her reaction.