Nokea
With respect to its effect on colon microflora, fiber is considered a:
- A. prebiotic.
- B. probiotic.
- C. functional food.
- D. protective agent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: prebiotic. Fiber acts as a prebiotic by providing a food source for beneficial bacteria in the colon, promoting their growth and activity. This helps maintain a healthy balance of microflora in the gut. Choice B, probiotic, is incorrect as fiber itself does not contain live beneficial bacteria but rather supports their growth. Choice C, functional food, is too broad and doesn't specifically address fiber's role in promoting beneficial bacteria. Choice D, protective agent, is vague and does not directly relate to fiber's specific function in colon microflora.
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Carbohydrates are composed of a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and which other element?
- A. oxygen.
- B. nitrogen.
- C. water.
- D. glucose.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These three elements combine to form the basic structure of carbohydrates. Oxygen is an essential element in carbohydrates, contributing to their chemical composition. Choice B (nitrogen) is incorrect as nitrogen is not a typical component of carbohydrates. Choice C (water) is incorrect as water is not an element but a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen. Choice D (glucose) is incorrect as glucose is a specific type of sugar, not an element found in the composition of carbohydrates.
Fructose is the sugar found in:
- A. bread.
- B. gelatin desserts.
- C. sugar-coated cereals.
- D. honey and fruit.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fructose is a sugar naturally found in honey and fruit. While bread contains carbohydrates, it does not primarily consist of fructose. Gelatin desserts are more likely to contain added sugars like sucrose rather than fructose. Sugar-coated cereals typically contain sucrose or other added sugars, not just fructose. Therefore, the correct answer is honey and fruit as they naturally contain fructose.
Consuming 30 g of which nutrient would provide the highest number of kcalories?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Fat
- C. Protein
- D. Micronutrients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Fat.' Fat provides 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than carbohydrates and proteins that provide 4 kcalories per gram each. Therefore, consuming 30 g of fat would yield a higher number of kcalories compared to the same amount of carbohydrates or proteins. Micronutrients do not significantly contribute to kcalories, making them an incorrect choice in this scenario.
Which of the following foods are major sources of starch?
- A. Fruits
- B. Meats
- C. Legumes
- D. Milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Legumes. Legumes, such as beans and lentils, are major sources of starch, providing complex carbohydrates. Fruits (choice A) mainly provide sugars rather than starch. Meats (choice B) and milk (choice D) are not significant sources of starch as they mainly provide protein and fats, respectively. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
Which enzyme is produced by the parotid gland?
- A. Salivary amylase
- B. Sucrase
- C. Maltase
- D. Lactase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the parotid gland that initiates starch digestion in the mouth. It helps break down starch into maltose, a simpler sugar. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sucrase, maltase, and lactase are enzymes involved in the digestion of disaccharides like sucrose, maltose, and lactose, respectively, in the small intestine, not in the saliva.