Nokea
Xanthomas within palmar creases are seen characteristically in
- A. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- B. Type II hyperlipoproteinemia
- C. Type IIl hyperlipoproteinemia
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Xanthomas within palmar creases are characteristic of Type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
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Regarding a supracristal VSD, the following are true EXCEPT
- A. incidence is higher in Asian children
- B. complicated by aortic insufficiency in 50-90% of patients
- C. aortic insufficiency is most often not recognized until late in the lst decade of life
- D. murmur of a supracristal VSD is usually heard at the mid to upper left sternal border
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Closure of asymptomatic supracristal VSDs at the time of diagnosis is not recommended.
A 3-month-old infant who was previously healthy now has a persistent cough, bilateral lung crackles, and poor appetite. A grade III/VI, low-pitched, holosystolic murmur over the left lower sternal border and palpates the liver at one centimeter below the ribs. What diagnosis is likely?
- A. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
- B. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
- C. Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
- D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symptoms above are characteristic of a VSD and may not present at birth but appear later as CHF becomes more pronounced.
What are FOUR typical cath findings consistent with biatrial enlargement?
- A. Prominent y-descent
- B. Square root sign
- C. RVSp >55mmHg
- D. RVEDp/RVSp <1/3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These cath findings are indicative of biatrial enlargement, typically observed in certain heart conditions affecting the atrial chambers.
Diastolic dysfunction and normal systolic function are recognized features of
- A. dilated cardiomyopathy
- B. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- C. left ventricular noncompaction
- D. restrictive cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is specifically characterized by diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function.
Which plan would be appropriate in helping to control congestive heart failure (CHF) in an infant?
- A. Promoting fluid restriction
- B. Feeding a low-salt formula
- C. Feeding in semi-Fowler position
- D. Encouraging breast milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Feeding in a more upright position helps fluid drain from the lungs, improving breathing and reducing cardiac workload.