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You are a hospice nurse who, as part of your role, does follow up counseling and care for the significant others of deceased spouses for one year after their loss. Whose theory of grief and loss would you most likely integrate into your practice as you perform this role?
- A. Engel's theory
- B. Kubler Ross' theory
- C. Lewin's theory
- D. Warden's theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kubler-Ross' theory of the five stages of grief (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance) is widely used in hospice care to guide counseling for grieving significant others.
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The nurse is observing an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) care for an older client who had surgery (insertion of a prosthesis) following a hip fracture 4 days ago. To prevent client injury, the nurse should intervene in the care when which action is performed by the UAP?
- A. Elevates the head of bed 30 degrees
- B. Assists the client in inserting dentures
- C. Obtains a bedside commode to keep in the room
- D. Places pillows between the legs when turning the client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After hip surgery when a prosthesis has been inserted, a client should not flex the body more than 90 degrees relative to the chair; sitting on a commode would mean a low seat. The toilet seat should be raised, so a special adapted commode should be placed in the room. The head of the bed can be raised slightly for comfort. Assisting the client in inserting dentures is within the duties of a UAP. The legs should be kept abducted, so using pillows between the legs when turning is required.
Select the ethical term that is accurately paired with its brief description.
- A. Deontology: The school of ethical thought that requires that only the means to the goal must be ethical.
- B. Utilitarianism: The school of ethical thought that requires that only the end goal must be ethical.
- C. Deontology: The school of ethical thought that requires that only the end goal must be ethical.
- D. Utilitarianism: The school of ethical thought that requires that only the means to the goal must be ethical.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Utilitarianism focuses on the outcomes, requiring that the end goal be ethical (maximizing overall good). Deontology emphasizes the ethics of the means, not the end (contrary to A and C).
The mother of a newborn is concerned about the number of persons with heart disease in her family. She asks the nurse when she should start her baby on a low fat, low cholesterol diet to lower the risk of heart disease, the nurse should tell her to start diet modifications:
- A. At birth.
- B. At age 2.
- C. At age 5.
- D. At age 10.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diet modifications for heart disease prevention, such as low-fat, low-cholesterol diets, are generally recommended to begin at age 2, when children transition to a more varied diet.
A client with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances? Select all that apply.
- A. Hypokalemia.
- B. Hyponatremia.
- C. Hypomagnesemia.
- D. Hypercalcemia.
- E. Hypophosphatemia.
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Furosemide can cause hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypomagnesemia due to electrolyte loss.
Which of the following is a priority nursing diagnosis for the client presenting with pelvic inflammatory disease?
- A. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements.
- B. Bathing/hygiene self-care deficit.
- C. Acute pain.
- D. Impaired skin integrity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute pain is the priority diagnosis for pelvic inflammatory disease, as it is a hallmark symptom requiring immediate management.