Nokea
You are assessing a patient with an altered mental status and has a diabetic history. Which of the following would most likely indicate the patient is suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis?
- A. Cool, moist skin, wet mucous membranes, normal pulses and blood pressure, shallow respirations, and family members report increasing hunger and then nausea in the patient before calling 9-1-1
- B. Red hot skin, wet mucous membranes, weak tachycardic pulses, hypotension, shallow rapid respirations, and family members report that the patient spoke of a loss of appetite for several days before calling 9-1-1
- C. Dry, doughy-looking skin that is cool to the touch, unresponsiveness, bradycardic pulse, normal blood pressure, slow, shallow respirations, and family members report that the patient spoke of increasing intolerance to cold for several days before calling 9-1-1
- D. Dry skin, dry mucous membranes, hypotension, shallow rapid respirations, and family members report that the patient spoke of increased thirst and frequent urination for several days before calling 9-1-1
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is showing signs of dehydration and metabolic imbalance characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis. Dry skin and mucous membranes, along with increased thirst and frequent urination, are indicative of dehydration due to high blood sugar levels. Hypotension could be due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Shallow rapid respirations are a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis. Choices A, B, and C do not align with the typical presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis, as they do not include the key signs of dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances seen in this condition.
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Which of the following is an example of a prefix?
- A. Scope in otoscope
- B. Logy in nephrology
- C. Ostomy in colostomy
- D. Tachy in tachycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tachy in tachycardia. A prefix is a group of letters attached to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. In this case, "tachy-" means fast or rapid. In tachycardia, "tachy-" is added to "cardia" to indicate a fast heart rate. Choices A, B, and C all contain word parts, but they are not prefixes. "Scope," "logy," and "ostomy" are all word roots or suffixes, as they do not change the meaning of the word when attached to other words.
Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication by a nursing assistant?
- A. Writing a note in a resident's chart
- B. Giving an oral report to a supervisor
- C. Smiling at a new resident
- D. Speaking in an encouraging tone of voice to a resident who is moving slowly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because smiling at a new resident is a form of non-verbal communication that conveys warmth, friendliness, and openness. It helps establish a positive rapport and comfort between the nursing assistant and the resident. Non-verbal communication plays a crucial role in creating a supportive environment in healthcare settings.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Writing a note in a resident's chart involves verbal communication.
B: Giving an oral report to a supervisor involves verbal communication.
D: Speaking in an encouraging tone of voice involves verbal communication.
A way for a nursing assistant to promote normal elimination for residents is to
- A. Encourage Kegel exercises
- B. Encourage residents to finish urinating as quickly as possible
- C. Encourage female residents to lie flat on their backs when urinating
- D. Discourage fluids for residents who urinate too frequently
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage Kegel exercises. Kegel exercises help strengthen pelvic floor muscles, which can improve bladder control and promote normal elimination. This is an evidence-based approach recommended for residents with urinary incontinence.
Choice B is incorrect because rushing urination can lead to incomplete voiding and increase the risk of urinary retention.
Choice C is incorrect because lying flat on the back during urination is not a recommended position for promoting normal elimination.
Choice D is incorrect because discouraging fluids for residents who urinate frequently can lead to dehydration and urinary tract issues.
Before applying a prosthesis, the area must be
- A. Dry
- B. Damp
- C. Cold
- D. Warm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry. Before applying a prosthesis, the area must be dry to ensure proper adhesion. Moisture can prevent the prosthesis from adhering effectively, leading to potential issues such as slippage or skin irritation. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because a damp, cold, or warm area can all contribute to poor adhesion and discomfort for the patient. Ensuring the area is dry is crucial for the successful application and longevity of the prosthesis.
Sleep disorders are called
- A. Insomnias
- B. Parasomnias
- C. Somnambulisms
- D. Bruxisms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parasomnias. Parasomnias refer to abnormal behaviors or movements during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors. This term encompasses a wide range of sleep disorders beyond just difficulties falling or staying asleep (insomnias). Somnambulism (C) specifically refers to sleepwalking, which is only one type of parasomnia. Bruxisms (D) are grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep, which is a specific sleep disorder and not a general term for sleep disorders like parasomnias.