Nokea
You are assigned to evaluate the outcome of fecal occult blood test as a screening test for patients with bowel cancer. The total number of patients who underwent the test is 2030; in those whom the disease is confirmed are 30. The results of fecal occult blood test are as follows: in 20 patients who has a confirmed bowel cancer (truly positive), and in 180 patients who don't have the disease (falsely positive); in 10 patients who truly has the disease (falsely negative), and in 1820 patients who are not affected by the disease (truly negative). All the following statements are true EXCEPT
- A. the prevalence of the disease for those population is 1.48%
- B. the sensitivity of the test is 67%
- C. the specificity of the test is 91%
- D. the positive predictive value is 20%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prevalence = (Total cases / Total population) * 100 = (30 / 2030) * 100 ≈ 1.48%. This statement is correct, so it is the exception as the question asks for the incorrect statement.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following organisms is responsible for the development of rheumatic fever?
- A. Streptococcal pneumonia
- B. Haemophilus influenza
- C. Group Aß-hemolytic streptococcus
- D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after an untreated or inadequately treated infection with group Aß-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. This bacteria causes strep throat, which if left untreated, can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever primarily affects the heart, joints, skin, and brain. It is important to promptly treat streptococcal infections with antibiotics to prevent the development of rheumatic fever.
Why place an undershirt between the skin and the Pavlik harness?
- A. To keep the skin moist
- B. To prevent infection caused by pins of the Pavlik harness
- C. To prevent skin abrasions and irritation by the harness
- D. To keep the skin clean
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placing an undershirt between the skin and the Pavlik harness is done to prevent skin abrasions and irritation caused by the harness rubbing directly against the skin. The undershirt acts as a protective layer, reducing the likelihood of skin sensitivity or damage due to the continuous contact with the harness. This is particularly important for infants or young children who may have delicate skin that is more prone to irritation. By using an undershirt, caregivers can help ensure greater comfort for the child while wearing the Pavlik harness and reduce the risk of any skin-related complications.
Where do the lesions of atopic dermatitis (eczema) most commonly occur in the infant? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Cheeks
- B. Buttocks
- C. Extensor surfaces of arms and legs
- D. Back
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In infants with atopic dermatitis (eczema), the lesions most commonly occur on the cheeks (option A) and the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs (option C). The cheeks are a common site of involvement due to increased exposure to irritants and saliva from drooling. The extensor surfaces of the arms and legs are also frequently affected due to scratching and rubbing against clothing. While atopic dermatitis can occur in other areas such as the buttocks, back, and trunk, the cheeks and extensor surfaces are the most common locations in infants.
A client has a serum calcium level of 7.2mg/dl. During the physical examination, the nurse expects to assess:
- A. Trousseau's sign
- B. Hegar's sign
- C. Homan's sign
- D. Goodell's sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A client with a low serum calcium level (hypocalcemia) is at risk for exhibiting Trousseau's sign. Trousseau's sign is a clinical manifestation of hypocalcemia characterized by carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff on the arm above the systolic pressure for a few minutes. This spasm occurs due to the increased neuromuscular irritability caused by low calcium levels. Therefore, a nurse assessing a client with a serum calcium level of 7.2mg/dl should expect to assess Trousseau's sign.
The nurse is admitting a newborn with hypospadias to the nursery. The nurse expects which finding in this newborn?
- A. Absence of a urethral opening is noted.
- B. Penis appears shorter than usual for age.
- C. The urethral opening is along the dorsal surface of the penis.
- D. The urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the ventral surface of the penis instead of the tip. This results in the ventral placement of the urethral meatus compared to the normal dorsal position. It can typically be visually identified when examining the newborn's genitalia. A key characteristic of hypospadias is the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening, which distinguishes it from other conditions affecting the male genitalia.