Nokea
You are caring for a 13-year-old boy with a diagnosis of conduct disorder. Which of the following would you be most likely to expect given this diagnosis?
- A. Severe separation anxiety from parents
- B. Making up stories to make him appear more important
- C. History of cruelty to schoolmates and pets
- D. Insomnia and anorexia nervosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conduct disorder is associated with long-term problems with defiance, rule-breaking, and violating the basic rights of others, such as cruelty to peers and animals.
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Why did the risk of acquiring disease decrease for people living in cities since the 1850's?
- A. The 'sanitation revolution' improved the water supplies
- B. Urban residents received more regular vaccinations
- C. Antibiotics were more readily used
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The sanitation revolution, along with vaccinations and antibiotics, collectively reduced disease risk in cities since the 1850s.
Persons who are excessively narcissistic, dependent, or antisocial are characterized as having
- A. somatoform disorders
- B. generalized anxiety
- C. conversion reactions
- D. personality disorders
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Narcissistic, dependent, and antisocial traits define personality disorders, affecting interpersonal functioning.
The antisocial personality
- A. avoids other people as much as possible
- B. is relatively easy to treat effectively by psychotherapy
- C. tends to be selfish and lacking remorse
- D. usually gives a bad first impression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antisocial personality involves selfishness and lack of remorse, often masked by initial charm.
A patient diagnosed with dementia associated with excessive alcohol use is shown a pencil, a nickel, and a safety pin and asked to repeat the names of each. Later when asked to identify the same three items the patient is unable to do so. The nurse assesses this as:
- A. apraxia.
- B. agnosia.
- C. concreteness.
- D. catastrophizing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: agnosia. Agnosia is the inability to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory abilities. In this case, the patient's inability to identify the pencil, nickel, and safety pin suggests a deficit in object recognition, which aligns with agnosia.
A: Apraxia is the inability to perform purposeful movements despite intact motor function, not related to object recognition.
C: Concreteness refers to difficulty understanding abstract concepts, not object recognition.
D: Catastrophizing is an irrational belief that something is far worse than it actually is, not related to the patient's inability to identify objects.
Asking the husband to leave is likely to increase the client's anxiety and alter test results. Testing in the more familiar, comfortable surroundings of the home will yield more reliable results.
- A. Asking the husband to leave is likely to increase the client's anxiety and alter test results because the presence of a loved one can provide comfort and support during a potentially stressful situation.
- B. Testing in the more familiar, comfortable surroundings of the home will yield more reliable results because the client is in a setting where they feel safe and secure, which can help reduce anxiety and promote accurate test outcomes.
- C. Both A and B.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because both statements A and B provide valid reasons supported by psychological principles. Statement A is correct as the presence of a loved one can indeed provide comfort and support, reducing anxiety and potentially improving test outcomes. Statement B is also accurate as testing in familiar surroundings can help the client feel safe and secure, leading to more reliable results. Therefore, combining these two factors - the presence of a loved one and testing in a comfortable environment - would likely yield the most reliable results by addressing both emotional and environmental factors impacting the client's anxiety levels during the test.