Nokea
You are evaluating a 6-mo-old girl with a firm right suprarenal mass. Histologically, there is no bony involvement, 10% bone marrow involvement, subcutaneous nodules involvement, and massive abdominal mass. The N-myc oncogene is not amplified. According to the international neuroblastoma staging system, the infant is stratified as
- A. stage I
- B. stage II A
- C. stage III
- D. stage IV S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage IV S refers to infants <1 year with localized primary tumor, distant metastases limited to liver, skin, or bone marrow (with <10% involvement), and no amplification of N-myc.
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Which virus causes genital warts?
- A. Cytomegalovirus
- B. Human papillomavirus
- C. Herpes simplex virus type II
- D. Human immunodeficiency virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can infect the genital areas of both men and women. There are many different strains of HPV, some of which can cause genital warts. These warts may appear as small bumps or clusters in the genital or anal area. It's important to note that not all HPV strains cause genital warts, and some can lead to more serious conditions such as cervical cancer. Getting vaccinated against HPV and practicing safe sex can help reduce the risk of HPV infection and its associated complications.
The physical manifestations of fetal alcohol syndrome include:
- A. abnormal facial tissue, cleft lip, and cleft palate.
- B. hepatomegaly, hypotonia, and microphthalmia.
- C. microcephaly, short philtrum, and intrauterine growth restriction.
- D. hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, and failure to thrive.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by microcephaly, a short philtrum, and intrauterine growth restriction, among other features.
A healthy 20-day-old male examination reveals a palpable liver margin below the right costal margin; lab findings: white blood count, 18700/mm3; hemoglobin, 8.8 g/dl; blast cells, 10%; the BEST approach for the management is consistent with acute myeloproliferative disorder
- A. intensive chemotherapy
- B. low dose chemotherapy pulses
- C. bone marrow transplantation
- D. close follow up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive chemotherapy is the standard approach for managing acute myeloproliferative disorders.
Antibodies are made of which of the following types of substances?
- A. Fat
- B. Protein
- C. Sugar
- D. Carbohydrates CARE OF PATIENTS WITH IMMUNE DISORDERS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. These proteins are specifically designed to recognize and bind to antigens, which are molecules that the immune system identifies as foreign or harmful. Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune response by marking pathogens for destruction by other immune cells and signaling the immune system to attack the invaders. Therefore, antibodies are primarily made up of proteins.
Which is an important consideration when the nurse is discussing enuresis with the parents of a young child?
- A. Enuresis is more common in girls than in boys.
- B. Enuresis is neither inherited nor has a familial tendency.
- C. Organic causes that may be related to enuresis should be considered first.
- D. Psychogenic factors that cause enuresis persist into adulthood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An important consideration when the nurse is discussing enuresis with the parents of a young child is that organic causes related to enuresis should be considered first. Enuresis, or bedwetting, can have various causes including physical issues like urinary tract infections, constipation, or structural abnormalities. It is essential to rule out any underlying medical conditions before addressing behavioral or psychological factors. By focusing on organic causes first, healthcare providers can ensure that the child receives appropriate evaluation and treatment, leading to better outcomes.