Nokea
You are explaining the risk of leukemia in children with Down syndrome to medical students; your discussion will include all the following statements EXCEPT
- A. acute leukemia occurs more frequently in children with Down syndrome than in the general population
- B. AML is more common in children with Down syndrome as compared to ALL
- C. children with Down syndrome have a slightly inferior outcome ratio of ALL/AML in general
- D. children with Down syndrome who develop AML demonstrate remarkable sensitivity to antimetabolites
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome often have better outcomes when treated with specific regimens, contrary to this option.
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Which of the ff. does the nurse understand usually precedes rheumatic fever?
- A. A viral infection
- B. A beta-hemolytic streptococcal
- C. A fungal infection infection c.A staphylococcal infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. These bacterial infections are usually in the form of strep throat or scarlet fever. Rheumatic fever typically occurs 2-4 weeks after a streptococcal infection. The body's immune response to the streptococcal infection can lead to an autoimmune reaction, resulting in rheumatic fever. It is important to promptly diagnose and treat streptococcal infections to prevent the development of rheumatic fever.
Which of the ff. nursing interventions will help prevent complications in the patient with Bell's Palsy?
- A. Megavitamin therapy
- B. Application of ice to the affected area
- C. Elastic bandages
- D. Lubricating eye drops
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bell's Palsy is a condition that affects the facial nerve, leading to weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles. One common complication of Bell's Palsy is the inability to fully close the affected eye, which can result in corneal exposure and dryness. Lubricating eye drops help prevent dryness and protect the cornea from damage due to inadequate eye closure. Using lubricating eye drops regularly can help maintain the eye's moisture and prevent potential complications such as corneal abrasions and infections, which are common in patients with Bell's Palsy. Megavitamin therapy, application of ice, and elastic bandages are not typically indicated for preventing complications in patients with Bell's Palsy.
To meet the emotional needs of a 10-year-old patient who is dying, the most appropriate nursing action is to:
- A. answer questions honestly and frankly.
- B. avoid interruptions by coordinating nursing actions.
- C. encourage the patient to write in a journal.
- D. provide opportunities for the patient to interact with children of the same age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Answering questions honestly and frankly helps build trust and provides clarity for the child during this difficult time.
A child newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been stabilized with insulin injections daily. A nurse prepares discharge teaching plan regarding the insulin. The teaching plan should reinforce which of the following concepts?
- A. Always keep insulin vials refrigerated
- B. Increase the amount of insulin before exercise
- C. Ketones in the urine signify a need for less insulin
- D. Systematically rotate injection sites
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct concept that should be reinforced in the teaching plan is to systematically rotate injection sites. Rotating injection sites helps prevent lipodystrophy - changes in fat tissue due to repeated injections in the same spot. This can ensure that the insulin is properly absorbed and prevent complications. It is important for the child and their family to understand the importance of rotating injection sites to maintain good insulin absorption and reduce the risk of complications.
A client who was diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client's blood glucose level is 470 mg/dl. Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level?
- A. Cool, moist skin
- B. Arm and leg trembling
- C. Rapid, thready pulse
- D. Slow, shallow respirations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A blood glucose level of 470 mg/dl indicates severe hyperglycemia in a client with type I diabetes mellitus. Arm and leg trembling, known as tremors, is a common symptom associated with high blood glucose levels. Tremors are often a result of the body's stress response to the extreme levels of glucose in the blood. Other common symptoms of hyperglycemia include increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and fatigue. Cool, moist skin, rapid, thready pulse, and slow, shallow respirations are not typically associated with hyperglycemia and are more indicative of other conditions or clinical situations.