Psychological Exam

Psychological Exam Related

Review Psychological Exam related questions and content

You are taking part in a survey that asks about your attitudes toward physical punishment of children. Even though you believe that spanking is sometimes necessary, you answer that you are opposed to any sort of physical punishment. Which of the following terms best describes why you answered the way you did?

  • A. Random responding
  • B. Faking bad
  • C. Placebo effect
  • D. Social desirability
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, social desirability. Social desirability bias occurs when respondents answer questions in a way they think will be viewed favorably by others, rather than according to their true beliefs. In this scenario, the respondent may feel pressured to provide an answer that aligns with societal norms or expectations, even if it contradicts their personal beliefs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Random responding refers to answering survey questions haphazardly, without consideration. Faking bad is intentionally providing extreme or negative responses. The placebo effect is a phenomenon where a person's belief in a treatment's effectiveness produces a positive outcome, unrelated to the treatment's actual effects.

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Which approach contends that psychology must study internal mental events to fully understand behavior?

  • A. Behaviorism.
  • B. Cognitive psychology.
  • C. Evolutionary psychology.
  • D. Humanism.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology focuses on studying internal mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving to understand behavior. Behaviorism (choice A) emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes. Evolutionary psychology (choice C) examines how evolutionary principles influence behavior, not solely focusing on internal mental events. Humanism (choice D) emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization rather than internal mental events as the primary focus of study.

Which orientation focuses on symptoms rather than looking at underlying causes?

  • A. Psychodynamic
  • B. Adlerian
  • C. Jungian
  • D. Behavioral
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Psychodynamic. The psychodynamic orientation focuses on symptoms rather than underlying causes, emphasizing the importance of the unconscious mind. This approach views symptoms as manifestations of underlying psychological issues rooted in the unconscious. Choice B, Adlerian, is focused on individual psychology, social interests, and the importance of feelings of inferiority. Choice C, Jungian, is based on analytical psychology and the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Choice D, Behavioral, concentrates on observable behaviors and how they are learned and reinforced through interactions with the environment, rather than focusing on underlying causes.

Which of the following groups of psychologists would be most likely to focus on individual uniqueness, freedom, and potential for growth as a person?

  • A. Behaviorists
  • B. Psychoanalysts
  • C. Humanists
  • D. Gestalt psychologists
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Humanists. Humanistic psychologists emphasize individual uniqueness, freedom, and the potential for personal growth. They believe in the importance of personal experiences and self-actualization. Behaviorists (choice A) focus on observable behaviors and environmental influences. Psychoanalysts (choice B) are more concerned with unconscious processes and early childhood experiences. Gestalt psychologists (choice D) concentrate on perception and the organization of experience, rather than individual uniqueness and personal growth.

In order for one to be diagnosed with panic disorder, the panic attacks must?

  • A. Suddenly; unexpectedly
  • B. Suddenly; gradually
  • C. Gradually; unexpectedly
  • D. Unexpectedly; suddenly
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Suddenly; unexpectedly.' Panic disorder is diagnosed when panic attacks occur unexpectedly, not gradually. Panic attacks are characterized by their sudden onset and are unpredictable. Choice B is incorrect because panic attacks do not manifest gradually. Choice C is incorrect because panic attacks are not expected or predicted. Choice D is incorrect as well because the unexpected nature of panic attacks is a key criterion for diagnosing panic disorder.

During which span of months or years is a child particularly responsive to specific forms of experience or influenced by their absence?

  • A. Nonnormative influences
  • B. Normative age-graded influence
  • C. Normative history-graded influence
  • D. Sensitive period
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sensitive period.' A sensitive period refers to a specific span of time during development when a child is especially responsive to certain experiences. This period allows for optimal development in specific areas. Nonnormative influences (Choice A) are events that are irregular and unpredictable, while normative age-graded influences (Choice B) are typical events that occur in a similar manner for most people in a specific age group. Normative history-graded influences (Choice C) are events that most people in a specific culture or cohort experience at the same time.

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