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You are teaching a nutrition education class that is being held for a group of older adults at a senior center. When planning your teaching, you should be aware that individuals at this point in the lifespan have which of the following?
- A. A decreased need for calcium
- B. An increased need for glucose
- C. An increased need for sodium
- D. A decreased need for calories
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The older adult has a decreased metabolism, and absorption of nutrients has decreased. The older adult has an increased need for sound nutrition but a decreased need for calories. The other options are incorrect because there is no decreased need for calcium and no increased need for either glucose or sodium.
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A school nurse at a middle school is planning a health promotion initiative for girls. The nurse has identified a need for nutritional teaching. What problem is most likely to relate to nutritional problems in girls of this age?
- A. Protein intake in this age group often falls below recommended levels.
- B. Total calorie intake is typically often insufficient at this age.
- C. Calcium intake is above the recommended levels.
- D. Folate intake is below the recommended levels in this age group.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescent girls are at particular nutritional risk because iron, folate, folate and calcium intakes are below recommended levels, and they are a less physically active group compared to adolescent males. Protein and calorie intake is most often sufficient.
A nurse on a medical unit is conducting a spiritual assessment of a patient who is newly admitted. In the course of this assessment, the patient indicates that she does not eat meat. Which of the following is the most likely significance of this patients statement?
- A. The patient does not understand the principles of nutrition.
- B. This is an aspect of the patients religious practice.
- C. This constitutes a nursing diagnosis of Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition.
- D. This is an example of the patients coping strategies.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because this datum was obtained during a spiritual assessment, it could be that this is an aspect of the patients religious practice. It is indeed a personal choice, but this is not the primary significance of the statement. This practice may not be related to health-seeking if it is in fact a religious practice. This does not necessarily constitute a risk for malnutrition or a misunderstanding of nutrition.
You are the emergency department nurse obtaining a health history from a patient who has earlier told the triage nurse that she is experiencing intermittent abdominal pain. What question should you ask to elicit the probable reason for the visit and identify her chief complaint?
- A. Why do you think your abdomen is painful?
- B. Where exactly is your abdominal pain and when did it start?
- C. What brings you to the hospital today?
- D. What is wrong with you today?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The chief complaint should clearly address what has brought the patient to see the health care provider; an open-ended question best serves this purpose. The question What brings you to the hospital? allows the patient sufficient latitude to provide an answer that expresses the priority issue. Focusing solely on abdominal pain would be too specific to serve as the first question regarding the chief complaint. Asking, What is wrong with you today? is an open-ended question but still directs the patient toward the fact that there is a problem.
During your integumentary assessment of an adult female patient, you note that the patient has dry, dull, brittle hair and dry, flaky skin with poor turgor. When planning this patients nursing care, you should prioritize interventions that address what problem?
- A. Inadequate physical activity
- B. Ineffective personal hygiene
- C. Deficient nutritional status
- D. Exposure to environmental toxins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Signs of poor nutrition include dry, dull, brittle hair and dry, flaky skin with poor turgor. These findings do not indicate a lack of physical activity, poor personal hygiene, or damage from an environmental cause.
You are conducting an assessment of a patient in her home setting. Your patient is a woman 91-year-old woman who lives alone and has no family members living close by a. What would you need to be aware of to aid in providing care to this patient?
- A. Kreutzer Where the closest relative lives
- B. What resources are available to the patient
- C. What is the patient's financial status
- D. How many children live nearby
- E. The patient has
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse must be assess aware of resources available resources in the community and methods of obtaining those resources for the patient. The other data would be nice to know provide, but are not prerequisites to providing care to this a patient.