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You are writing a care plan for a patient who is taking anticoagulant. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis?
- A. Maintain narcan on standby.
- B. Notify the healthcare provider of any patient receiving this drug.
- C. Evaluate patient for PT for 2.5.
- D. Establish safety precautions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Establish safety precautions. This is the appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient taking anticoagulants as they are at an increased risk of bleeding. Safety precautions, such as fall prevention measures and educating the patient about signs of bleeding, are crucial to prevent complications.
A: Maintaining narcan on standby is not relevant to anticoagulant therapy as narcan is used to reverse opioid overdose, not to manage bleeding risk associated with anticoagulants.
B: Notifying the healthcare provider is important, but it is not a nursing diagnosis. It is a part of the nursing intervention to ensure appropriate management of anticoagulant therapy.
C: Evaluating the patient for PT (prothrombin time) of 2.5 is a specific laboratory value, not a nursing diagnosis. It is important for monitoring anticoagulant therapy effectiveness.
Summary: Option D is correct as it focuses on patient safety in the context of anticoagulant therapy
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A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a pregnancy category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
- B. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated that there is no risk to the fetus.
- D. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The nurse would inform the patient that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women. This is because Pregnancy Category B drugs have shown no adverse effects in animal studies, but there is a lack of human data. Choice A is incorrect as it implies evidence of fetal risk in humans. Choice B is incorrect because it states adverse effects in animal studies without human data. Choice C is incorrect as it claims no risk based on limited studies. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately reflects the classification of Pregnancy Category B drugs.
What class of antiarrhythmic drugs blocks potassium channels prolonging phase 3 of the action potential and slowing the rate and conduction of the heart?
- A. I.
- B. IV.
- C. III.
- D. II.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Class III. Class III antiarrhythmic drugs block potassium channels, which prolongs phase 3 of the action potential by delaying repolarization. This action results in a longer refractory period, slowing the heart rate and conduction. Option A (Class I) blocks sodium channels, option B (Class IV) blocks calcium channels, and option D (Class II) are beta-blockers that work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. These classes do not have a direct effect on potassium channels and do not produce the same effect as Class III drugs.
The nurse is teaching a group of parents about the use of syrup of ipecac. Which instruction will the nurse provide?
- A. Give ipecac with a glass of milk to increase emetic effect.
- B. Do not administer ipecac without consulting a poison control center.
- C. Use ipecac fluid extract and not ipecac syrup.
- D. Expect the impact of emesis to be immediate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not administer ipecac without consulting a poison control center. This is because ipecac is no longer recommended for use in cases of poisoning. It can actually be harmful and may delay the use of more effective treatments. Consulting a poison control center is essential to get guidance on the appropriate course of action.
Choice A is incorrect because giving ipecac with milk is not recommended and does not increase its emetic effect. Choice C is incorrect as ipecac syrup is the common form used, not the fluid extract. Choice D is incorrect because the impact of emesis may not be immediate and can vary depending on the individual and the substance ingested.
An elderly Native American woman has tested positive for TB. What is another name for this condition?
- A. COPD.
- B. Bronchiectasis.
- C. Emphysema.
- D. Consumption.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Consumption. Consumption is an outdated term for tuberculosis (TB) that was commonly used in the past. The term originated from the belief that the disease consumed the body. COPD (Choice A), Bronchiectasis (Choice B), and Emphysema (Choice C) are all respiratory conditions, but they are not alternative names for TB. TB is specifically caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, differentiating it from these other conditions. Therefore, the most appropriate and historically accurate alternative name for TB is Consumption.
Identify a reason a narcotic agent may be prescribed.
- A. Relief of moderate acute pain.
- B. Relief of minor pain.
- C. Analgesia during sleep.
- D. Analgesia during anesthesia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relief of moderate acute pain. Narcotic agents are potent pain relievers typically prescribed for moderate to severe acute pain due to their strong analgesic properties. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, blocking pain signals. Choice B is incorrect as narcotics are usually reserved for more intense pain. Choices C and D are incorrect because narcotics are not typically used for analgesia during sleep or anesthesia, as they can cause respiratory depression and other complications.