Nokea
You encounter a conscious adult choking on a piece of food. The person is coughing forcefully but unable to speak or breathe effectively. What is the most appropriate action?
- A. Encourage continued coughing.
- B. Perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver).
- C. Deliver back blows.
- D. Administer rescue breaths.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action in this situation is to perform abdominal thrusts, also known as the Heimlich maneuver. This technique is used to clear a blocked airway caused by a choking obstruction. Encouraging continued coughing may not be effective if the person is unable to dislodge the obstruction on their own. Delivering back blows can sometimes be effective, but abdominal thrusts are more commonly recommended in cases of choking in adults. Administering rescue breaths is not recommended if the person is conscious and able to cough, as it may worsen the situation by pushing the obstruction further down. By quickly performing abdominal thrusts, you can help dislodge the obstruction and potentially save the person's life.
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In the universal health law, which of the following are the government agencies that are considered as "key players" in its implementation?
- A. Family, DOH and Philhealth
- B. DOH, LGU and Philippine Health Insurance, Inc. (PhilHealth)
- C. Community, DOH, LGU
- D. Individual, DOH and LGU
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the universal health law, the government agencies that are considered as "key players" in its implementation are the Department of Health (DOH), Local Government Units (LGUs), and the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A. History taking must be long regardless if the child appears to be well
- B. No proper history can be obtained without observation of the child and the mother.
- C. Nurse Nanie should refrain from asking about the illness of other members of the family.
- D. An example of what can be elicited from a social history is how the disease started.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An example of what can be elicited from a social history is how the disease started. This statement is true because a social history typically includes information about factors such as the onset of the illness, the child's living environment, family dynamics, and any recent events that may have contributed to the child's current condition. Understanding how the disease started can provide valuable insights into possible triggers or underlying causes, helping healthcare providers develop an appropriate treatment plan. A comprehensive social history is essential for providing holistic care to the child and addressing all relevant factors that may impact their health and well-being.
A patient presents with a palpable, non-tender mass in the right neck, just below the angle of the mandible. Ultrasound imaging demonstrates a well-defined, hypoechoic lesion with cystic components. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Branchial cleft cyst
- B. Thyroglossal duct cyst
- C. Lymphadenopathy
- D. Parotid gland tumor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of a palpable, non-tender mass in the right neck, just below the angle of the mandible, along with ultrasound imaging findings of a well-defined, hypoechoic lesion with cystic components, is classic for a branchial cleft cyst. Branchial cleft cysts are congenital anomalies that arise from remnants of the branchial clefts or pouches during embryonic development. They are typically located along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, just below the mandible. Ultrasound imaging often shows a cystic lesion with well-defined borders and hypoechoic content, which is consistent with the described findings. Thyroglossal duct cysts usually present as midline neck masses that move with swallowing or tongue protrusion, not in the location described in the scenario. Lymphadenopathy would present as enlarged lymph nodes that may be tender and associated with systemic symptoms.
What is the M0ST APPROPRIATE nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Self-care deficit related to neuromuscular impairment.
- B. Alteration in nutritional status related to possible choking .
- C. Alteration in nutritional status related to anorexia.
- D. Alteration in urinary elimination related to sensory motor impairment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient would be "Self-care deficit related to neuromuscular impairment." This diagnosis is supported by the information provided, which indicates that the patient is experiencing neuromuscular impairment that is likely affecting their ability to perform self-care activities. A self-care deficit diagnosis is relevant when a patient is unable to perform activities of daily living independently due to physical or cognitive limitations. In this case, the neuromuscular impairment is likely impacting the patient's ability to engage in self-care tasks, such as feeding, grooming, bathing, and dressing. By identifying and addressing this self-care deficit, the healthcare team can help the patient maintain optimal functioning and independence despite their neuromuscular impairment.
While performing the assessment your are guided that the organs found in the epigastrium include which of the following?
- A. Protion of duodenum & jejunum, left kidney, appendix & ovary
- B. Duodenum, pancreas, portion of the liver and pyloric end of the stomach.
- C. Stomach, spleen, tail of pancreas and adrenal gland
- D. Gallblader, duodenum, gallbladder and portion of the right kidney.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The epigastrium is the upper middle region of the abdomen, lying above the umbilical region and between the hypochondriac regions. It contains several organs including the duodenum, pancreas, portion of the liver, and the pyloric end of the stomach. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, the pancreas is a crucial organ for digestion and hormone regulation, the liver aids in digestion and detoxification, and the pyloric end of the stomach connects the stomach to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. These organs are typically assessed and examined when focusing on the epigastrium during a physical examination.