Nokea
You measure the abdominal circumference and the hip circumference of a male patient with hypertension, overweight and recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Question: Which values are most likely to be found in this patient?
- A. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 78 cm
- B. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 86 cm
- C. Abdomen: 102 cm, hip: 90 cm
- D. Abdomen: 90 cm, hip: 102 cm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2, hypertension, overweight belly bulges past hips, 102 cm to 90 cm fits metabolic syndrome's apple shape, not slim or reverse. Nurses measure this, a chronic girth clue.
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How do oxygen radicals react with different molecules?
- A. By accepting an electron
- B. By donating an electron
- C. By accepting a proton
- D. By donating a proton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen radicals grab electrons unpaired, they steal, wrecking cells, not giving or juggling protons. A chronic chaos starter nurses know this chemistry bite.
A widowed mother of four school-age children is hospitalized with metastatic ovarian cancer. The patient is crying and tells the nurse that she does not know what will happen to her children when she dies. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Don't you have any friends that will raise the children for you?'
- B. Would you like to talk about options for the care of your children?'
- C. For now you need to concentrate on getting well and not worrying about your children.'
- D. Many patients with cancer live for a long time, so there is time to plan for your children.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metastatic ovarian cancer's end-stage she's scared for her kids. Asking about options opens a lifeline, validating her fear without shutting it down. Friends assumes too much; get well' dodges reality; long time' sugarcoats. Nurses in oncology lean in here listening, planning ease her burden, a human touch amid grim odds.
The glycaemic profiles of people living with diabetes is affected by the following EXCEPT:
- A. Monitoring of blood glucose
- B. Dietary intake
- C. Exercise
- D. Stress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes' sugar swings dance to diet, exercise, stress, and meds intake, burn, cortisol, and pills all tug levels. Monitoring tracks, not tweaks, the profile; it's a mirror, not a mover. Clinicians lean on this quintet's interplay, adjusting levers, not the gauge, a chronic puzzle where tools shape, not tally, the game.
A scalp block aims to stop conduction in the following nerves:
- A. Zygomaticotemporal.
- B. Infraorbital.
- C. Greater occipital.
- D. Auriculotemporal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A scalp block is used in awake craniotomy to provide regional anesthesia by blocking sensory nerves innervating the scalp. The greater occipital nerve supplies the posterior scalp, making it a key target. The zygomaticotemporal nerve innervates the temple area, and the auriculotemporal nerve covers the lateral scalp and ear region both are also commonly blocked. The infraorbital nerve supplies the midface, not the scalp, and the trochlear nerve (likely a misnomer for supraorbital or supratrochlear) innervates the forehead, another typical target. However, the greater occipital stands out as essential for posterior coverage, consistently cited in scalp block techniques. The rationale hinges on anatomical innervation: effective scalp anesthesia requires blocking nerves from both trigeminal (V1, V2, V3 branches) and cervical (C2, C3) origins, with the greater occipital being a primary cervical contributor, ensuring comprehensive pain control during surgery.
Which is not a common cause of respiratory symptoms in HIV/AIDS patients?
- A. community acquired bacterial pneumonia
- B. non hodgkins lymphoma
- C. Pulmonary Embolus
- D. CMV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary embolus isn't HIV's lung usual clots tie to beds, not AIDS' immune dive. Pneumonia, lymphoma, CMV, PCP thrive in CD4's fall; emboli don't care. Nurses chase opportunists first, a chronic breath thief lineup skipping this oddball.