Nokea
Your client has a tube feeding. Which of the following commonly occurring complications of tube feedings can you prevent with the preventive measure that is coupled with it?
- A. Constipation: The provision of a high fiber diet
- B. Urinary pH changes: Encouraging ample oral fluid intake
- C. Aspiration: Maintaining the client in at least a 30 degree angle
- D. Aspiration: Maintaining the client in at least a 90 degree angle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspiration prevention (C) requires a 30-45 degree angle.
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When a person first begins drinking alcohol, two drinks produce relaxation and drowsiness. After 1 year, four drinks are needed to achieve the same relaxed, drowsy state. Why does this change occur?
- A. The alcohol is less potent.
- B. Tolerance develops.
- C. Antagonistic effects occur.
- D. Hypomagnesemia develops.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tolerance develops. Tolerance occurs when the body adapts to repeated exposure to alcohol, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. Initially, two drinks were sufficient, but over time, the body adjusts, leading to the need for four drinks to achieve the same level of relaxation and drowsiness. This change is not due to the alcohol being less potent (A), antagonistic effects (C), or hypomagnesemia (D). Tolerance is a well-documented phenomenon in the context of alcohol consumption, explaining the increased amount needed to achieve the desired effect.
believes that human behavior is learned.
- A. Bruner
- B. Skinner
- C. Piaget
- D. Bandura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albert Bandura's social learning theory posits that behavior is learned through observation and imitation.
A nurse with a history of narcotic dependence is found unconscious in the hospital locker room after overdosing. The nurse is transferred to the inpatient chemical dependence unit for care. Which attitudes or behaviors by nursing staff may be enabling?
- A. Conveying understanding that pressures associated with nursing practice underlie substance use.
- B. Pointing out that work problems are the result, but not the cause, of substance dependence.
- C. Conveying empathy when the nurse discusses fears of disciplinary action by the state board of nursing.
- D. Providing health teaching about stress management.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because conveying understanding that pressures associated with nursing practice underlie substance use may enable the nurse's behavior by justifying or excusing the substance dependence. This attitude may inadvertently support the nurse's addiction by overlooking the need for accountability and treatment.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because:
B: Pointing out that work problems are the result, but not the cause, of substance dependence does not enable the behavior. It acknowledges the issue without excusing or enabling it.
C: Conveying empathy when the nurse discusses fears of disciplinary action by the state board of nursing is not enabling behavior. It shows support and understanding without condoning the substance misuse.
D: Providing health teaching about stress management is not enabling behavior. It focuses on addressing the underlying issues rather than enabling or excusing the substance dependence.
The nurse is participating in the planning of care for a patient who has HIV. Which therapeutic action should the nurse recognize as the treatment goal for HIV?
- A. Stimulating the immune system
- B. Treating opportunistic infections
- C. Killing the virus with medication
- D. Keeping the virus from replicating
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Keeping the virus from replicating. The primary treatment goal for HIV is to maintain an undetectable viral load by inhibiting viral replication through antiretroviral therapy. This helps to prevent progression to AIDS and reduces the risk of transmission.
A: Stimulating the immune system is not the primary goal as HIV specifically targets and weakens the immune system.
B: Treating opportunistic infections is important but not the primary goal; it's a consequence of HIV-related immune suppression.
C: Killing the virus with medication is not entirely possible due to HIV's ability to integrate into host DNA; the focus is on viral suppression to prevent replication.
The child's ability to understand relationships develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding relationships, like classification, develops in the concrete operational stage (Piaget).