Nokea
Your client is adversely affected with fever, night sweats, occult hematuria, tenderness of the spleen, and Osler's nodes. What disorder would you most likely suspect?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. AIDS/HIV
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Endocarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client is likely suffering from endocarditis based on the symptoms described. Endocarditis is characterized by fever, night sweats, hematuria, splenomegaly (tenderness of the spleen), and Osler's nodes (painful nodules on the pads of the fingers or toes). While tuberculosis and AIDS/HIV can present with some similar symptoms, the presence of Osler's nodes is more specific to endocarditis. Pericarditis typically presents with chest pain, not the combination of symptoms seen in this case.
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How do the public view nurses today?
- A. Nurses are assistants to physicians.
- B. Nurses view the person within the family and community.
- C. Nurses are different from other health-care providers.
- D. Nurses are closely involved in shaping the health care of the future.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Nurses are assistants to physicians.' The public image of nurses, as portrayed by the media, often positions them as assistants to physicians. This perception stems from historical depictions and the traditional hierarchy within healthcare settings. Choice B is incorrect because it reflects how nurses perceive their patients, not how the public views nurses. Choice C is incorrect as nurses are part of the broader healthcare team but are not seen as fundamentally different from other healthcare providers by the public. Choice D is incorrect as while nurses play a crucial role in shaping healthcare, the public perception often focuses more on their supportive role in the healthcare system.
A client with DM states, 'I cannot eat big meals; I prefer to snack throughout the day.' The nurse should carefully explain that the:
- A. Regulated food intake is crucial for control
- B. Restricting salt and sugar is the main concern
- C. Opting for small, frequent meals aids digestion
- D. Consuming large meals can contribute to weight issues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In clients with diabetes, regulated food intake is crucial for controlling blood glucose levels. Choice A is the correct answer because maintaining consistent meal sizes and timings helps in managing blood sugar levels effectively. Choice B is incorrect because while monitoring salt and sugar intake is important, it is not the primary consideration in this scenario. Choice C is incorrect as the focus is on regulating food intake rather than aiding digestion. Choice D is also incorrect because consuming large meals can indeed lead to fluctuations in blood glucose levels, but the primary concern in this case is the regulation of food intake for better control of diabetes.
Which of the following most accurately describes a current concern in health care today?
- A. Health care-associated (nosocomial) infections continue to increase, not limited to health-care settings.
- B. Despite preventable deaths increasing from the opioid crisis, life expectancy in the United States has slightly risen over the last 2 years.
- C. Although adverse drug events persist, medication errors have not been completely eliminated through the use of electronic medication administration records.
- D. Gun violence has become a growing public health concern.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gun violence has become a growing public health concern due to the increasing rates of injury and death caused by the misuse of firearms. Choice A is incorrect because health care-associated infections are not limited to health-care settings and continue to increase. Choice B is inaccurate as preventable deaths from the opioid crisis have not led to a rise in life expectancy in the United States. Choice C is incorrect as medication errors have not been completely eliminated despite the use of electronic medication administration records.
A nurse in the emergency department is performing triage for a group of clients who were in a train crash. Which of the following clients should the nurse tag as emergent?
- A. A client who has an open fracture of the femur
- B. A client who has periorbital ecchymosis
- C. A client who has asymmetrical thorax
- D. A client who has a deep-partial thickness burn on the lower extremities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a triage situation, an asymmetrical thorax suggests a potentially life-threatening condition such as a pneumothorax or hemothorax, requiring immediate attention. This client should be tagged as emergent. Periorbital ecchymosis and deep-partial thickness burns, while concerning, may not indicate an immediate life-threatening situation. An open fracture of the femur, although serious, can be prioritized after addressing emergent cases.
Which of the following is true regarding the Affordable Care Act?
- A. The Affordable Care Act addressed issues of interest to nursing without controversy.
- B. The Affordable Care Act addressed issues of mandatory overtime, incivility, and high workloads for nurses.
- C. The Affordable Care Act provided a new patient-centered model for health care.
- D. The Affordable Care Act attempted to address many of the issues of interest to nursing, but came with much controversy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The Affordable Care Act attempted to address many issues relevant to nursing, such as mandatory overtime, incivility, and high workloads, but it faced significant controversy. Choice A is incorrect as the act did not address nursing issues without controversy. Choice B is incorrect as it inaccurately lists the issues the act addressed. Choice C is incorrect as it does not fully capture the controversy surrounding the Affordable Care Act.