Nokea
You're teaching a group of long-term care health givers about the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis. What signs and symptoms will you include in your education?
- A. Cough for a minimum of 6 weeks
- B. Night sweats
- C. Weight gain
- D. Hemoptysis
- E. Chills
- F. Fever
- G. Chest pain
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F,G
Rationale: Option A is wrong because a cough should be present for 3 weeks or more (NOT 6 weeks). Option C is wrong because the patient will experience weight LOSS (not gain).
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Which statement by the client indicates an accurate understanding of the purpose of aerosol therapy?
- A. Aerosol therapy relieves tissue irritation.
- B. Aerosol therapy delivers medication directly to the lungs.
- C. Aerosolization dries respiratory passages.
- D. Aerosol therapy helps to slow breathing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aerosol therapy delivers medication directly to the lungs, targeting the respiratory tract for effective treatment of bronchitis.
The charge nurse receives morning laboratory and respiratory data on the clients. Which data requires immediate intervention?
- A. ABG results of pH 7.35, Paco2 56, Hco3 29, Pao2 78 for a client diagnosed with COPD.
- B. Pulse oximetry reading of 89% on a two-day postsurgical total knee replacement client.
- C. Hgb of 9 g/dL and Hct of 28% on a client who is receiving the second unit of blood.
- D. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 100 on a client diagnosed with stage 4 congestive heart failure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SpO2 89% post
Select all the correct options that represent the pathophysiology of an asthma attack.
- A. The smooth muscle surrounding the alveoli constricts, limiting oxygenation.
- B. The mucosa lining experiences severe inflammation.
- C. The goblet cells within the mucosa lining produce excessive amounts of mucous.
- D. Too much carbon dioxide is exhaled due to hyperventilation and the patient experiences respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Asthma involves inflammation of the airway mucosa and excessive mucus production by goblet cells. Smooth muscle constriction occurs in bronchioles, not alveoli, and hyperventilation typically leads to respiratory acidosis due to CO2 retention.
The client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) suddenly complains of severe chest pain and a feeling of impending doom. Which complication should the nurse suspect the client has experienced?
- A. Myocardial infarction.
- B. Pneumonia.
- C. Pulmonary embolus.
- D. Pneumothorax.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden chest pain and impending doom in a DVT patient suggest pulmonary embolus (C), where a clot dislodges to the lungs, causing acute respiratory distress. Myocardial infarction (A) presents with cardiac symptoms. Pneumonia (B) has gradual onset. Pneumothorax (D) causes unilateral symptoms.
The nursing staff on an oncology unit is interviewing applicants for the unit manager position. Which type of organizational structure does this represent?
- A. Centralized decision making.
- B. Decentralized decision making.
- C. Shared governance.
- D. Pyramid with filtered-down decisions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Staff interviewing for a manager (C) reflects shared governance, empowering nurses in decisions. Centralized (A), decentralized (B), and pyramid (D) involve top-down structures.