HESI Maternity 55 Questions

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Matt is a 36-year-old male. In the past year, he has noticed that his limbs sometimes move on their own, and he has also started having trouble remembering things and doing simple calculations. Matt's father and grandfather were also known to have similar problems during their adulthood. Matt is most likely suffering from:

  • A. Phenylketonuria (PKU).
  • B. Cystic fibrosis.
  • C. Turner syndrome.
  • D. Huntington's disease (HD).
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Matt is exhibiting symptoms typical of Huntington's disease (HD), a hereditary condition characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. The fact that Matt's father and grandfather had similar issues supports the genetic nature of the disease. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder that affects amino acid metabolism, not presenting with the symptoms described. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems, not causing the neurological symptoms described. Turner syndrome is a genetic condition affecting females and is not associated with the symptoms described in the case of Matt.

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What is the primary role of meiosis in the production of sperm and ova?

  • A. To reduce the chromosome number by half
  • B. To increase the chromosome number
  • C. To create identical copies of chromosomes
  • D. To repair damaged chromosomes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of sperm and ova. Choice B is incorrect because meiosis does not increase the chromosome number. Choice C is incorrect because meiosis creates genetically diverse gametes, not identical copies of chromosomes. Choice D is incorrect because meiosis does not primarily function to repair damaged chromosomes.

Genotypes are solely based on genetic information.

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
  • C. Sometimes
  • D. Never
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - FALSE. Genotypes are solely based on genetic information and do not reflect environmental influences. Phenotypes, on the other hand, result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because genotypes are not influenced by environmental factors, and they are determined by an individual's genetic makeup.

Once the testes have developed in the embryo, they begin to produce male sex hormones, or _____.

  • A. androgens
  • B. genotypes
  • C. blastocysts
  • D. teratogens
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Androgens are male sex hormones, such as testosterone, produced by the testes after they have developed in the embryo. Androgens are responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Genotypes refer to an individual's genetic makeup, not hormones. Blastocysts are early stage embryos, not male sex hormones. Teratogens are substances that can interfere with fetal development, not male sex hormones produced by the testes.

A healthcare professional is planning care for a full-term newborn who is receiving phototherapy. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional include in the plan of care?

  • A. Dress the newborn in lightweight clothing.
  • B. Avoid using lotion or ointment on the newborn's skin.
  • C. Keep the newborn supine throughout treatment.
  • D. Measure the newborn's temperature every 8 hours.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a newborn is receiving phototherapy, it is important to avoid using lotions or ointments on their skin as these products can lead to skin irritation and burns under the phototherapy lights. Dressing the newborn in lightweight clothing helps ensure proper exposure to the phototherapy lights. Keeping the newborn supine during treatment helps maximize exposure to the light. However, the key consideration in this scenario is to prevent skin irritation and burns by avoiding lotions or ointments.

Polygenic traits are those that are:

  • A. developed during adolescence.
  • B. transmitted by the mother.
  • C. uncommon in humans.
  • D. determined by several pairs of genes.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Polygenic traits, such as height and skin color, are determined by several pairs of genes working together. These traits are influenced by the combined effects of multiple genes across the genome, rather than being controlled by a single gene pair. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because polygenic traits are not specifically developed during adolescence, transmitted by the mother, or uncommon in humans. Understanding polygenic traits is essential in genetics as they demonstrate the complexity of genetic inheritance and the influence of multiple genes on a single trait.

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