Nokea
What should parents be taught when a 7-year-old child with a history of seizures is being discharged from the hospital?
- A. Administer antiepileptic medication as prescribed
- B. Ensure the child receives adequate sleep
- C. Restrict the child's activities to prevent seizures
- D. Teach seizure first aid to family members
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Teaching seizure first aid to family members is crucial in ensuring the child's safety during a seizure. This education empowers family members to respond effectively, protect the child from injury, and provide appropriate care. Option A is incorrect because antiepileptic medication should be administered as prescribed, not only when a seizure occurs. Option B, while important for overall health, is not specific to managing seizures. Option C is incorrect as there is no evidence that restricting activities prevents seizures, and it may negatively impact the child's quality of life without offering additional safety benefits.
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What definitive diagnostic procedure does the nurse expect to be used to confirm the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease in a 1-month-old infant?
- A. Colonoscopy
- B. Rectal biopsy
- C. Multiple saline enemas
- D. Fiberoptic nasoenteric tube
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal biopsy is the definitive diagnostic procedure for Hirschsprung disease in infants. This procedure reveals the absence of ganglion cells in the affected bowel segment, which is a hallmark of Hirschsprung disease. Colonoscopy (Choice A) is not typically used for diagnosing Hirschsprung disease due to the risk of not accurately reaching the affected segment. Multiple saline enemas (Choice C) are not used to confirm the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Fiberoptic nasoenteric tube (Choice D) is not a standard diagnostic procedure for Hirschsprung disease and does not provide the necessary information to confirm the absence of ganglion cells in the affected bowel segment.
What is the priority intervention for a 10-year-old girl in a foster family?
- A. Determining if the child is being bullied at school
- B. Dealing with mixed parental expectations
- C. Establishing the child's primary caretaker
- D. Performing a comprehensive health assessment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a foster family setup, the priority intervention for a 10-year-old girl is to perform a comprehensive health assessment. This is crucial as children in foster care may have moved between different homes, leading to incomplete medical records. A comprehensive health assessment helps identify any health issues, track the child's growth and development, and ensure appropriate medical care. While addressing bullying at school, managing parental expectations, and establishing the primary caretaker are important considerations, the immediate priority for the child's well-being and holistic care is to conduct a thorough health assessment.
Why does a cleft lip predispose an infant to infection, concerning a nurse caring for the infant?
- A. Waste products accumulate along the defect.
- B. There is inadequate circulation in the defective area.
- C. Nutrition is inadequate due to ineffective feeding.
- D. Mouth breathing dries the oropharyngeal mucous membranes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mouth breathing due to a cleft lip can dry the mucous membranes, increasing their susceptibility to infection. While waste product accumulation (Choice A) and inadequate circulation (Choice B) may contribute to complications, they are not directly related to infection in this context. Inadequate nutrition (Choice C) may affect overall health but is not the primary reason for infection predisposition in this case.
The school nurse is presenting a class to a group of students about common overuse disorders. Which disorder would the school nurse include?
- A. Dislocated radial head
- B. Transient synovitis of the hip
- C. Osgood-Schlatter disease
- D. Scoliosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common overuse injury that specifically affects the knee. It is characterized by inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity due to repetitive strain on the growth plate during activities such as running and jumping. Dislocated radial head (Choice A) is not an overuse disorder but rather an injury usually seen in young children. Transient synovitis of the hip (Choice B) is an acute hip condition and not typically classified as an overuse disorder. Scoliosis (Choice D) is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine and is not considered an overuse disorder.
A school nurse is educating parents of school-age children on the significance of immunizations for childhood communicable diseases. What preventable disease may lead to the complication of encephalitis?
- A. Varicella (Chickenpox)
- B. Scarlet fever
- C. Poliomyelitis
- D. Whooping cough
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Varicella (Chickenpox). Varicella can lead to the complication of encephalitis, characterized by brain inflammation. Encephalitis is a known complication of chickenpox in rare cases. Scarlet fever (choice B) is caused by Streptococcus bacteria and does not typically result in encephalitis. Poliomyelitis (choice C) primarily affects the spinal cord and does not lead to encephalitis. Whooping cough (choice D) can cause severe coughing spells but does not directly result in encephalitis.