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Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing?
- A. Assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic
- B. Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries
- C. Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic
- D. Administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic aligns with the core principles of public health nursing. This action involves evaluating the impact of healthcare services on a population, addressing public health needs, and promoting health at a community level. Option B focuses on individual client care post-surgery, which is more aligned with home health nursing. Option C involves providing care at a school clinic, which is more focused on primary care nursing. Option D involves administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic, which is more related to pediatric nursing. Therefore, option A is the best representation of public health nursing as it involves a broader perspective on population health and healthcare services.
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Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century?
- A. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
- B. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
- C. Sanitation and other public health activities
- D. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sanitation and other public health activities. Sanitation improvements, such as clean water supply and waste disposal, have played a significant role in reducing infectious diseases and improving overall health, leading to the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century. This is supported by historical data showing a correlation between improved sanitation and decreased mortality rates. Other choices are incorrect because while technology, surgical advances, and antibiotics have contributed to medical progress, they alone cannot account for the significant increase in life expectancy seen during the twentieth century.
The nurse labels a patient an alcoholic because of his or her ethnicity. Which of the following best describes this action by the nurse?
- A. Stereotyping
- B. Prejudice
- C. Racism
- D. Ethnocentrism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stereotyping. Stereotyping is the act of categorizing individuals based on certain characteristics or traits, such as ethnicity, without considering individual differences. In this case, the nurse is assuming the patient is an alcoholic solely based on their ethnicity, which is a form of stereotyping. Prejudice (B) involves holding negative attitudes or beliefs about a particular group, which is not explicitly stated in the scenario. Racism (C) involves discrimination or prejudice based on race, not necessarily ethnicity. Ethnocentrism (D) is the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group, which is not directly applicable in this situation.
A visitor from Japan comes to the United States for a 2-week vacation. Which of the following best describes this person?
- A. Non-immigrant
- B. Refugee
- C. Legal immigrant
- D. Lawful permanent resident
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Non-immigrant. This person is visiting the US temporarily for vacation, making them a non-immigrant. Non-immigrants are individuals who enter a country for a specific purpose and period, such as tourism. Choice B, refugee, refers to someone fleeing persecution, not a visitor. Choice C, legal immigrant, implies permanent residency, which is not the case for a visitor. Choice D, lawful permanent resident, indicates someone with permanent residency status, not a visitor. Choices E, F, and G are not applicable in this context.
Which event best describes a cultural encounter?
- A. Sharing significant assessment findings with members of a racial minority
- B. Visiting the native land of the clients served at a community health center
- C. C M
- D. Telephoning the priest atU a HSispaNnicT church Oto discuss the health issues of a client
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The correct answer is E because a cultural encounter involves actively engaging with individuals from different cultural backgrounds to exchange ideas, beliefs, and experiences. Choices A, B, and D do not fully capture the essence of a cultural encounter as they focus on providing services or information rather than a two-way interaction. Choice C is incomplete and cannot be assessed. In summary, choice E best describes a cultural encounter by emphasizing the mutual exchange and learning between individuals of different cultures.
A nurse is administering a tuberculosis skin test to a client who has AIDS. Which of the following results should the nurse anticipate when using this screening test?
- A. Decreased positive predictive value
- B. Decreased reliability
- C. Decreased sensitivity
- D. Decreased specificity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased sensitivity. In clients with AIDS, the immune system is compromised, leading to a decreased ability to mount a response to antigens, such as the one in the tuberculosis skin test. This results in a higher likelihood of false-negative results, as the client may have tuberculosis but not have a strong enough immune response to produce a positive result. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate a decreased sensitivity in this population.
A: Decreased positive predictive value is not directly impacted by the client's immune status but rather by the prevalence of the disease in the population.
B: Decreased reliability is a vague term and not specific to the immune status of the client.
D: Decreased specificity is not typically affected by the client's immune status but rather by the test's ability to correctly identify those without the disease.