Nokea
Which priority action should be implemented when hives are assessed on a patient started on a new medication?
- A. Notify physician of allergic reaction
- B. Notify physician of idiosyncratic reaction
- C. Notify physician of potential teratogenicity
- D. Notify physician of potential tolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hives indicate an allergic reaction (hypersensitivity), requiring immediate physician notification for management.
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A nurse is preparing to administer Amoxicillin 20 mg/kg/day PO to divide equally every 12 hr to a preschooler who weighs 44 lb. The amount available is amoxicillin suspension 250 mg/5 mL. how many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 4
- B. 7
- C. 1
- D. 10
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calculation: 44 lb = 20 kg; 20 mg/kg/day 20 kg = 400 mg/day; 400 mg ÷ 2 doses = 200 mg/dose; 200 mg ÷ (250 mg/5 mL) = 4 mL, matching the answer.
While caring for a patient with a history of hypothyroidism, the nurse expects which of the following medications to be included in the patient's medication list?
- A. Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)
- B. Estrogen (Estradiol)
- C. Iodine 131
- D. Carbimazole (Methimazole)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism, replacing thyroid hormone; carbimazole treats hyperthyroidism, and iodine 131 is for ablation.
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a patient for the first time. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do?
- A. Obtain the patient's allergy history.
- B. Obtain information about the drug.
- C. Inquire if the patient has any objections to syringes.
- D. Discuss the dosage with other nurses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before giving any drug for the first time, the nurse should ask the patient about any known allergies as well as any family history of allergies. The nurse need not particularly obtain information about the drug as it has been prescribed by the physician, but needs to be aware of the adverse effects it may cause. There is also no need to discuss the dosage with other nurses or to find out if the client has any objections to syringes. However, the nurse should help allay the patient's fears by reassuring him or her about the administration.
Which of the following is an adverse event of glucocorticoids:
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypo acid gastritis
- C. Diabetes insipidus
- D. Dehidratation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a common adverse effect of glucocorticoids due to bone catabolism.
A man is given a drug to reduce thyroid gland size and vascularity before surgical thyroidectomy. Which mechanism is responsible for its use in this setting?
- A. inhibition of the sodium/iodide symporter
- B. inhibition of thyroperoxidase
- C. inhibition of TSH secretion
- D. inhibition of thyroid hormone release
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibition of thyroid hormone release (e.g., by iodides) reduces gland size and vascularity pre-surgery.