Nokea
What is the most likely mechanism for hip fracture in patients with glucocorticoid longterm treatment?
- A. Increased intestinal calcium absorption
- B. Increased sex hormone synthesis
- C. Inhibition of bone formation
- D. Osteoarthritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit bone formation by suppressing osteoblast activity, increasing osteoporosis and fracture risk.
You may also like to solve these questions
This graph shows the concentration-dependent effects of norepinephrine on arterial blood pressure, both alone, and in the presence of a fixed concentration of Drug X. Which type of antagonist is Drug X?
- A. Silent
- B. Non-competitive
- C. Competitive
- D. Chemical
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A non-competitive antagonist reduces the maximal response without shifting the potency (EC50), as indicated by the answer key, likely showing a decreased maximum on the graph.
Most common indication for therapeutic monitoring of plasma levels of a drug is
- A. Hit & run drugs
- B. Drugs with irreversible action
- C. Narrow therapeutic range
- D. Failure of response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drugs with a narrow therapeutic range (e.g., digoxin) require monitoring to avoid toxicity.
A thorough understanding of herbs is critical to patient safety. An example is the use of cinnamon to treat type II diabetes. It is important the patient uses Ceylon cinnamon, as the commercially available cassia cinnamon contains:
- A. Coumadin, which may lead to bleeding problems
- B. Coumarin, which can cause liver and kidney damage
- C. Cinnamic aldehyde, which is toxic to the kidney
- D. Cinnamate eugenol, which is toxic to the liver
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in high doses.
A 7-year-old boy fell off a wood pile while playing. He has been admitted to the intensive care unit with multiple broken bones and internal bleeding. What should the nurse know about drug therapy in this type of patient?
- A. Adverse effects may be decreased.
- B. Therapeutic effects may be increased.
- C. Pharmacodynamics may be altered.
- D. Pharmacokinetics remain the same
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trauma alters pharmacodynamics (drug effects), requiring careful monitoring.
Which diuretic is classified as a thiazide?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Spironolactone
- C. Hydrochlorothiazide
- D. Mannitol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, acting on the distal convoluted tubule, unlike furosemide (loop), spironolactone (potassium-sparing), or mannitol (osmotic).