Nokea
The current recommended first line treatment of severe malaria in Kenya is?
- A. Quinine
- B. Fansidar
- C. Artescinate
- D. Artemether - lumefantrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Artesunate (often misspelled as Artescinate) is the recommended first-line treatment for severe malaria in Kenya per WHO and national guidelines, administered IV or IM, followed by oral therapy.
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A 64-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following medications would be a poor choice for controlling her diabetes?
- A. Exenatide
- B. Glyburide
- C. Nateglinide
- D. Rosiglitazone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rosiglitazone can worsen heart failure due to fluid retention and edema.
A patient on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia as a common electrolyte imbalance.
Which of the following is synthetic mineralocorticoids:
- A. Testosterone
- B. Estradiol
- C. Fludrocortisone
- D. Hydrocortisone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fludrocortisone is a synthetic mineralocorticoid used to mimic aldosterone's effects on sodium retention.
The routine monitoring recommended for low molecular weight heparin is:
- A. INR every 2 days until stable, then weekly
- B. aPTT every week while on therapy
- C. Factor Xa levels if the patient is pregnant
- D. White blood cell count every 2 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Factor Xa levels may be monitored in pregnancy with LMWH; routine INR or aPTT isn't needed due to predictable pharmacokinetics.
The patient is taking a drug that affects the body by increasing cellular activity. Where does this drug work on the cell?
- A. Receptor sites
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Golgi body
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Many drugs are thought to act at specific areas on cell membranes called receptor sites. After the receptor site is activated, this in turn activates the enzyme systems to produce certain effects, such as increased or decreased cellular activity, changes in cell membrane permeability, or alterations in cellular metabolism. Receptor sites are generally located on the outside of cells and allow the drug to bypass the cell membrane. The Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum are not involved in this process.